Open Interphalangeal Dislocation of the Great Toe in an Amateur Football Player: A Rare Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Open interphalangeal (IP) dislocations are completely uncommon. Up to now, different patterns of dislocation have been described. The combination of axial loading and hyperdorsiflexion forces, leading to plantar dislocation of the distal phalanx, is a rare type of injury, which has yet not been reported. CASE REPORT: A rare case of traumatic open dislocation of the left great toe IP joint in a highly active, overweighted, male, amateur football player is presented. The possible underlying mechanism was impact of the left great toe against the ground and subsequent hyperdorsiflexion. The distal phalanx was dislocated plantarly, whereas the proximal phalanx was protruding out the dorsal skin of the toe. Open exploration and reduction led to excellent clinical results 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Open traumatic IP dislocation of the great toe due to low force activity is a very rare mode of injury, which requires adequate treatment including immediate purification of the exposed joint, control of the sesamoids' position, exclusion of intra-articular fractures, joint's reduction, soft-tissue repair, and proper stabilization.

Intratendinous Epidermoid Cyst after Traumatic Penetration of Foreign Body: A Very Rare Case Report.

INTRODUCTION: Intratendinous epidermal cysts are extremely rare soft-tissue lesions. Apart from traumatic occasions which are usually painful, in asymptomatic cases, they can be easily overlooked. The purpose of our study was to report the formation of an intratendinous epidermoid cyst after traumatic penetration and irritation of a wooden foreign body. CASE REPORT: A 79-year-old man proceeded in the emergency department, with a skin cut in the dorsal side of the right hand from a sharp wooden segment. After surgical lavage and investigation for soft-tissue damages or subcutaneous foreign bodies, skin closure was performed. Ten months after trauma, the patient came again with persistent pain and limitation in range of motion of the ring finger. Ultrasonography demonstrated an intratendinous foreign body surrounded by the cystic lesion. Both the identified wooden fragment and the cyst, which were histopathologically verified as an epidermoid cyst, were removed. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware that a tendon injury, along with chronic irritation from a foreign body, might result in the formation of an intratendinous epidermoid cyst.

The clinical outcome of endoscopic plantar fascia release: A current concept review.

PURPOSE: To clarify whether endoscopic plantar fascia release is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Secondary goals were a. to compare the clinical outcome between EPFR and non-operative treatment and b. to describe the various EPFR surgical approaches and their outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two reviewers (MM and EBC) independently conducted the search using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. This database was queried with the terms 'endoscopic plantar fascia release' and 'endoscopic plantar fasciotomy'. To maximize the search, backward chaining of reference lists from retrieved papers was also undertaken. RESULTS: From the initial 63 studies we finally chose and assessed 15 studies which were eligible to our inclusion-exclusion criteria. A total number of 535 patients (576 feet) were reported, with a slightly higher female rate. The vast majority of the studies were case series (66.7% of all), while two papers were randomized controlled trials (13.3%), two were case control studies (13.3%), and one was cohort study (6.7%). The overall quality of the studies included in this review, as it was evaluated according to the GRADE Working Group guidelines, was low, while it ranged from very low to high. All studies showed that the postoperative clinical and functional subjective scores were significantly improved with the use of EPFR. Overall, the postoperative complications' rate was 11.0%. The most common complications which were recorded were persistent heel pain (5.6%), paresthesias or numbness (4.3%), soft tissue healing problems (1.7%), and superficial infection (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: There was weak evidence to support that endoscopic plantar fascia release was safe and effective for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis.

Tuberculosis of Navicular Bone - A Rare Presentation.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis of Navicular bone is a rare entity. Osteoarticular tuberculosis of foot is uncommon and that of navicular bone is extremely rare. It is important to recognize skeletal tuberculosis in the initial stages as early treatment can effectively eliminate long-term morbidity. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42 yrs old male presented to OPD with swelling and dull aching pain over dorsum of left foot. Radiograph of foot showed lytic puctate lesion in the navicular bone. Further investigations in the form of aspiration biopsy and ZN staining showed presence of multiple tuberculous bacilli. Anti-Kochs treatment was started immediately and patient was treated conservatively. Four drugs (HRZE) were given for a period of 12 months. Radiographs at 2 years follow-up showed a healed lesion. CONCLUSION: TB navicular bone is a very rare condition and can be treated conservatively unless associated with metastatic changes or any other complications. Conservative treatment with AKT has excellent results without any complications.

Tuberculosis of Calcaneum - A Rare presentation.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis of calcaneum is a rare entity. Osteoarticular tuberculosis of foot is uncommon and that of calcaneum is very rare. In children, diagnosis is often delayed as clinical presentation is non-specific and awareness is low due to its rare presentation. Also pediatric tuberculosis has traditionally received a lower priority than adult TB in National TB programmes. CASE PRESENTATION: 8 yr old girl presented to OPD with swelling and dull aching pain over left heel. Radiograph of calcaneum showed small lytic puctate lesions in the calcaneum. Further investigations showed presence of multiple tuberculous bacilli. Anti-Kochs treatment was started immediately and patient was treated conservatively. Four drugs (HRZE) were prescribed for a period of 12 months. Radiographs at 2 years follow-up showed a healed lesion. CONCLUSION: Rare and unusual locations of osteoarticular TB often pose a problem of differential diagnosis. Meticulous history and clinical examination helps in reaching the diagnosis. Start of AKT drugs as soon as reports show presence of tubercular bacilli plays a vital role in treatment as well as functional outcome of the patient.

Pectoralis Major Tear: An Unusual and Rare Presentation.

INTRODUCTION: The pectoralis major is a very powerful muscle that forms the chest prominence and. It moves the shoulder forward and across your chest. It is best known as the muscle that you develop with the bench press exercise in gymnasium. The pectoralis major attaches to the humerus bone and is divided into two parts. The upper part is known as the "clavicular head" and the lower part the "sternal head," based on their origins from the clavicle and sternal bones, respectively. Ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle are becoming more common due to the increase in power sports weight training. CASE REPORT: A About 25-year-old male presented to Out Patient Department with bruising and swelling over the anterior wall of left axilla. The patient was engineer and amateur weight lifter. Clinically, the swelling was tender, and movements of left arm were restricted. Muscle tear was suspected and hence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was advised which showed tear of tendon of pectoralis major muscle. The patient was treated surgically and has got full range of movements of the arm. CONCLUSION: MRI is the mainstay for diagnosing pectoralis major tear. The earlier a repair is performed the easier the surgery and the better the outcome of surgery.

Calcinosis Cutis Circumscripta Of Knee-A Rare Presentation.

INTRODUCTION: Calcinosis circumscripta is a form of ectopic mineralization characterized by single or multiple cutaneous nodules containing calcium salts. Calcinosis cutis circumscripta is a very rare form of idiopathic calcinosis cutis arising in the second half oflife. It typically involves the extremities and is associated with prior trauma and scleroderma. We dealt with a very rare form of calcinosis cutis circumscripta in a healthy patient, for whom surgical excision revealed to be an effective and successful treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: 33-year-old male presented to OPD with swelling over the right knee joint. Clinically the swelling was adhered to skin, bony hard, tender, and movements of right knee were painful. The patient was investigated and once fit was taken for surgery. The patient was treated surgically by excising the swelling. CONCLUSION: Surgical excision is the mainstay of the treatment. Indications for surgical removal include pain, recurrent infection, ulceration, and functional impairment. Following excision, however, recurrence is common.

Osteochondroma of the Rib: a rare radiological apeareance.

INTRODUCTION: Osteochondromas (exostosis) are the most common neoplasm of bone and arise from the metaphysis of bones. Tumors of the chest wall comprise approximately 2% of all tumors of the body and may be primary or metastatic, benign or malignant. Osteochondroma is a common bone tumor but a rare tumor in the rib. It is often asymptomatic and observed incidentally. The tumors typically begin to grow before puberty and continue until bone maturation is reached. Surgery is required in childhood if these lesions are painful or disfiguring, while those arising in adulthood should always be resected. CASE REPORT: 9 yr old boy presented to OPD with swelling over right chest. Radiograph showed bony outgrowth on the lateral aspect of the 6th rib. The patient was kept under closed observation and was treated conservatively. Three years follow-up didn't show any increase in the size of the swelling and the patient did not have any complaints. CONCLUSION: Though various studies have shown that the surgical resection of osteochondroma is necessary to avoid further complications of Haemothorax, pneumothorax or intercostal neuralgia, we concluded that osteochondroma of the ribs can even be conserved if not associated with complications and patient does not need to undergo unnecessary surgery.

Rare Case of Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata.

INTRODUCTION: Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP) is a very rare disease. It impairs the normal development of many parts of the body. The features of this disorder include bony abnormalities, severe mental retardation, joint contractures, cataract and recurrent respiratory infections and breathing problems. Seizures and Distinctive facial features including prominent forehead, depressed nasal bridge and small nose is also associated with this pathology. Being rare, this is very difficult to diagnose when presented at OPD. Proper history and meticulous examination is extremely necessary. Our aim is to discuss current knowledge on etiopathogenesis as well as radiological and clinical symptoms of diseases associated with RCDP. CASE REPORT: 5 yrs old male child presented with chest infection and periarticular swelling of all the small and large joints. The patient was walking with limp. History elicited that the child was born of a consanguineous marriage. The child was delivered at home. Birth weight was 2.4 kgs. He repeatedly had upper respiratory tract infections and was taking treatment for the same. He was further investigated in the form of clinical, biochemical and radiological assessment which stated that the patient was suffering from RCDP. CONCLUSION: This is a rare presentation. Though this is not curable, management of RCDP is symptomatic and supportive and may include physiotherapy and orthopedic procedures (in later stages) to improve function. The child may also undergo cataract surgery to improve vision.