[The results of monitoring of antigen types of rotaviruses of group A on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2011-2015.]

The data of seasonal monitoring are presented concerning antigen types of rotaviruses group A circulating on the territory of the Russian Federation in the periods of seasonal uprising of morbidity in 2011-2015. Annually, the study included from 10 to 12 subjects of the Russian Federation with annual testing from 444 to 728 samples from children aged younger than 5 years with acute infection diarrhea. In the seasons of 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013-2014, 2014-2015 the most prevalent [P] G types of rotaviruses correspondingly made up to: G4[P]8 -50.2%-36.5%-43.8%-1.6%; G1[P]8 - 26.6%-14.3%-27.3%-22.5%; G3[P]8 - 4.4%-23.7%-4.2%-2.0%; G9[P]8 - 4.3%-5.3%-10.1%-7.1%; G2[P]4 - 7.7%-7.9%-9.0%-3.1%. The expressed territorial irregularity of prevalence of antigen types of retroviruses was observed.

[Second-generation colon capsule in small bowel and colon disorders in pediatrics].

BACKGROUND: Aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic yield of second-generation colon capsule in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Five patients with different symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases were included in the study. Among them were: suspicion on diffuse polyposis, intestinal bleeding, lymphangiectasia and inflammatory bowel disease. Image interpretation was made by experienced capsule users, previously trained on small bowel capsule and first generation colon capsule. Lesions or abnormal changes of the mucosa identified on capsule endoscopy served as indications for colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy or polypectomy if needed. RESULTS: Standard white light endoscopy was made in all children without any adverse events. Second-generation colon capsule allows diagnosing Crohn's disease in small intestine and colon, limphangiectasia of the ileum, single rectosigmoid polyp and diffuse polyposis of the colon. CONCLUSION: Second-generation colon capsule can be used as non-invasive screening method in children without serious complications, thus allowing to differentiate indications for traditional white light endoscopy, which is usually made under general anesthesia in pediatrics.

[Confocal laser endomicroscopy of gastrointestinal tract: history, problems and perspectives in children].

In this review history, principles, technique and clinical applications of confocal laser endomicroscopy are briefly described. This technology allows to expand the diagnostic ability of traditional white light endoscopy and to assess effectiveness of therapeutic procedures in different gastrointestinal diseases. New experimental and clinical data in assessing small bowel barrier dysfunction as a predictor of relapse for inflammatory bowel disease is presented. Problems and perspectives regarding application of optical biopsy for gastrointestinal tract in pediatric practice are discussed.

[Aseptic meningitis season caused by enteroviruses in 2007: molecular-epidemiological aspects].

AIM: Analysis of manifestation of epidemic process of aseptic meningitis and causes of its activation using molecular genetic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of feces and CSF, nasopharyngeal swabs from 296 patients with aseptic meningitis (AM), as well as 240 samples of drinking water and 6 samples of lake water were studied. Epidemiologic analysis, isolation of enteroviruses in Hep-2 and RD cell cultures, RT-PCR, partial sequencing of 5'NTR and genome region coding VP1 were performed. RESULTS: Marked rise of AM caused by enteroviruses in Nizhny Novgorod during 2001 - 2007 was demonstrated. From August to October 2007, enteroviruses were detected in 93.8% of patients with AM (22.5 per thousand). Seasonal rise of incidence was determined by 9 serotypes of enteroviruses: E30 - 26 cases (53.1%), E7 - 7 (14.3%), E18 - 5 (10.3%), E13 - 3 (6.1%), E9 - 2 (4.0%), CB5 - 3 (6.1%),CA1 - 1 (2.0%), CA9 - 1 (2.0%), CA13 - 1 (2.0%). Serotype E30, represented by two subtypes, dominated. Dominating subtype E30-N1 was closely related with E30 strains isolated in 1994 - 2001 in Europe. Subtype E30-N2 was genetically related with Asian strains isolated in 2000 - 2006. RNA of E7, E9, E13, E18, CB5 viruses and dominating subtype E30-N1 were detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with AM, which can explain rapid and wide spread of these viruses in susceptible population by aspiration route of transmission. CONCLUSION: Increased incidence of AM in Nizhny Novgorod in 2007 was caused by variant of E30 virus, which was genetically related with strains isolated in European countries in 1997.

[Immunity to poliovirus after vaccination of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and rheumatic diseases].

AIM: To assess immunization coverage against poliomyelitis and level of immunity postvaccination in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and rheumatic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vaccination status of 299 children with DM1 and 136 children with rheumatic diseases was determined. Serologic test using neutralization reaction was performed in 31 children with DM1 and 29 children with rheumatic diseases. Three hundred and eighty healthy children aged 3-14 years were included in the control group. All children previously received oral poliovirus vaccine. RESULTS: During postimmunization period decompensations of main disease in children with DM1 and rheumatic diseases were not observed. There were no seronegative children to all poliovirus types revealed. Proportion of children with DM1 and rheumatic diseases seronegative to two serotypes was 12.9% and 13.8% respectively. Proportion of children with DM1 seropositive to all 3 serotypes was 54.8% that is lower than in general population (p<0.01), whereas in children with rheumatic diseases this proportion was 75.8%. In children with DM1 real proportion of immune subjects was normal--94.9% and 82.0% for pqliovirus types 1 and 2 respectively, whereas the same proportion for poliovirus type 3 was 49.7%. In children with rheumatic diseases real proportion of immune subjects was normal for poliovirus types 1 and 2, and was 72.4% for poliovirus type 3. CONCLUSION: Algorithms of examination of patientswith DM1 and rheumatic diseases, which allow to purposefully perform serologic evaluation as well as recommendations about additional immunization against poliomyelitis, were developed.

[Postvaccinal immunity to polio-viruses of children with chronic renal pathology].

41 children with chronic renal diseases (with different forms of chronic glomerulonephritis or chronic renal failure) previously vaccinated with 5 to 9 doses of oral poliovaccine (OPV) were examined. Analysis of immunity to polioviruses revealed insufficient serologic protection against all three types of polioviruses compared with general population. Algorithm of yearly serologic examination as well as a schedule of additional vaccination against poliomyelitis depending on chronic renal pathology were developed.

[Multiple forms of acid phosphatase of the mould Aspergillus awamori str. 22]. / Mnozhestvennost' form kisloi fosfatazy plesnevogo griba Aspergillus awamori shtamm 22

By isoelectric focusing and DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 chromatography it has been shown that extracellular acid phosphatase produced by Aspergillus awamori str. 22 exists as a mixture of oligomers of molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 140,000. With an increase of aggregation of molecules of acid phosphatase the isoelectric point increases from 4.6 to 5.4.