Selected osteointegration markers in different timeframes after dental implantation: findings and prognostic value.

The study aimed to determine the osteointegration markers after dental implantation and evaluate their predictive value. The study was performed on 60 practically healthy persons who needed teeth rehabilitation using dental implants. The conical-shaped implants (CI) and hexagonal implants (HI) were used. The content of Osteopontin (OPN), Osteocalcin (OC), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and nitric oxide (NO) was determined in patients' gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), collected 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation. During the 3-6 months of observation level of OPN increased in patients with CIs (<50 years > 50 years) and HIs (<50 years) (CI: <50 years F = 36.457, p < 0.001; >50 years F = 30.104, p < 0.001; HI < 50 years F = 2.246, p < 0.001), ALP increased in patients with CIs (<50 years: F = 19.58, p < 0.001; >50 years: F = 12.01; p = 0.001) and HIs (<50 years) (F = 18.51, p < 0.001), OC increased in patients <50 years (CI: F = 33.72, p < 0.001; HI: F = 55.57, p < 0.001), but in patients >50 years - on the 3 days month (CI: F = 18.82, p < 0.001; HI: F = 26.26, p < 0.001), but sharply decreased at the end of sixth month. OPG increased during 1-3 months of the observation in patients <50 years (CI: F = 4.63, p = 0.037; HI: F = 2.8927, p = 0.046), but at the end of the sixth month returned to the initial level; NO content in PISF increased in patients with CI (>50 years) during 1-6 months of the observation (F = 27.657, p < 0.001). During the post-implantation period, age-related differences in osteointegration were observed. Patients <50 years old had relatively high levels of OPN, ALP, OC, and OPG in PISF, resulting in less alveolar bone destruction around dental implants and more intensive osteointegration. These indicators may be used as biological markers for monitoring implant healing. The process of osseointegration was more intense in CIs due to their comparatively high mechanical loading.

Possible Markers for Distinguishing benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors and Predicting Malignancy in Patients with Genetic Predisposition to Cancer.

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that mutations in several genes disrupt oxidative metabolism, increasing the risk of developing tumors and their malignancy in patients with a family predisposition to cancer. The purpose of our study was to assess the characteristics of oxidative metabolism in patients with malignant and benign tumor with and without a family history of cancer and identify the marker predicting the likelihood of malignancy. METHODS: We conducted a study on patients with thyroid pathology (thyrotoxicosis, benign tumor pathology of the thyroid gland, and thyroid cancer) who underwent treatment at LLC "Oncology Scientific Research Center" in Tbilisi, Georgia between 2020-2021.  In patients' blood the thyroid hormones content, the oxidative metabolism parameters (activity of nonenzymatic antioxidant system (TAA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content),  geometrical and rheological (deformability index (EDI), membrane proteins content) characteristics of erythrocytes were determined. RESULTS: in the patient's blood serum with benign tumor (47 patients) MDA exceeded (p<0.005) and TAA decreased (p<0.005) in comparison to the control level; in patients with thyroid cancer (35 patients), MDA also exceeded (p<0.005), while TAA increased (p<0.005) up to the control level. In patients with benign and malignant tumors, the size of erythrocytes increased compared to the control indicators (p<0.005); in patients with thyroid cancer and benign tumors with a family history of cancer (29 patients) EDI increased (p<0.005), content of GLUT1 in erythrocyte membranes decreased (p<0.005) compared to the control level. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in redox metabolism play a crucial role in tumor formation; an imbalance between anti-/pro-oxidant systems may contribute to tumor formation and support its progression into a more malignant state. Thyroid cancer is characterized by a reduction in erythrocyte deformability, related to TSH levels. These alterations are less detectable in patients with benign thyroid tumors with a family history of cancer.

Complex study of Cancer Morbidity and Inflammatory Markers, Presented in the Blood Serum of the Rural Population of Sachkhere District of Georgia.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to compare the morbidity from cancer (expressed as incidence) to the average levels of blood serum inflammatory markers in the population of the Sachkhere region (Georgia). METHODS: healthy residents of the Sachkhere district were examined. In the blood serum samples of patients, the cytokines (IL-1α, IL-10, TGF-ß, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6) and NOx content, as well as the total antioxidant activity of the non-enzymatic system (TAA) were determined; using light microscopy, buccal micronuclei (MnB) of epithelial cells of the oral mucosa, as indicators of chromosomal disorders, were studied. RESULTS: Study results show, that cancer incidence in Sareki was statistically significantly higher as in Chorvila and Sairkhe (p=0.002; p=0.004); in Sareki inhabitant's blood serum levels of the IL-6,  NO are increased (p=0.004, p=0.05), and IL-17,  TGFß, and IL-10 levels are decreased (p=0.010, p=0.001, p=0.033) in comparison to data in Chorvila; in Chorvila inhabitants' indicators of TAA  of blood serum and  MnB of epithelium cell levels were lower (p=0.001,p=0.045) then in Sairkhe and Sareki. CONCLUSION: The existence of statistically reliable associations between the levels of cancer incidence in the populations of the surveyed villages and the indicators of immune and oxidative status in their virtually healthy subpopulations, with a high degree of persuasiveness, allows us to assume a close causal link between them. Clarifying the reasons for the identified patterns and their significance requires more detailed studies.

The Alleviating Effect of Herniarin Against Ionizing Radiation-Induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Herniarin is a simple coumarin that is found naturally in some plant species. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of herniarin against ionizing radiation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. METHODS: Herniarin was added to human lymphocytes before irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy of Xrays. The antagonistic potential of herniarin against radiation was measured by MTT [3-(4,5- dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay, micronucleus assay, flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level analysis. RESULTS: The maximum survival of lymphocytes against radiation was observed at a concentration of 50 µM of herniarin and a treatment time of 1 h. Pretreatment with 50 µM herniarin significantly decreased the micronuclei frequency, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes, and the ROS level in irradiated human lymphocytes. Moreover, 50 µM herniarin significantly increased the cytokinesis blocked proliferation index in irradiated lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Herniarin could reduce radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. To complete the results of this study, it is suggested that in the future, more preclinical studies with larger samples or animal models be performed on herniarin.