Phylogeny and morphology of some European cyathocotylid digeneans (Trematoda: Diplostomoidea).

The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 is a family of primitive diplostomoid trematodes important for understanding the evolution of the superfamily Diplostomoidea. However, cyathocotylids remain poorly studied with the use of molecular techniques. In this study we sequenced the 5.8S + ITS2 region, 28S rRNA, and cox1 genes of two cyathocotylid species and obtained new morphological data on them. We propose Georduboisia nom. nov. instead of the preoccupied name Duboisia Szidat, 1936 (junior homonym of Duboisia Stremme, 1911). Adults of Georduboisia cf. teganuma (Ishii, 1935) and Paracoenogonimus ovatus Katsurada, 1914 were collected from fish-eating birds in the south of the European part of Russia. Georduboisia cf. teganuma was very similar to G.teganuma but differed from it in the shape of the testes. The 28S rRNA gene dataset provided the best-resolved phylogeny of the Cyathocotylidae to date. In the phylogram based on partial sequences of this gene, P. ovatus was close to members of Holostephanoides Dubois, 1983, Neogogatea Chandler & Rausch, 1947 and Gogatea Szidat, 1936. Georduboisia cf. teganuma clustered with members of Cyathocotyle Mühling, 1896 and Holostephanus Szidat, 1936. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5.8S + ITS2 dataset showed that adults of P. ovatus examined in our study were conspecific with the metacercariae from the musculature of fish collected in Hungary and Italy. It also revealed probable misidentifications of larvae and adults of cyathocotylids whose sequences are deposited in GenBank NCBI.

Prediction of EVT6-NTRK3-Dependent Papillary Thyroid Cancer Using Minor Expression Profile.

Solid tumors resulting from oncogenic stimulation of neurotrophin receptors (TRK) by chimeric proteins are a group of rare tumors of various localization that respond to therapy with targeted drugs entrectinib and larotrectinib. The standard method for detecting chimeric TRK genes in tumor samples today is considered to be next generation sequencing with the determination of the prime structure of the chimeric transcripts. We hypothesized that expression of the chimeric tyrosine kinase proteins in tumors can determine the specific transcriptomic profile of tumor cells. We detected differentially expressed genes allowing distinguishing between TRK-dependent tumors papillary thyroid cancer (TC) from other molecular variants of tumors of this type. Using PCR with reverse transcription (RT-PCR), we identified 7 samples of papillary TC carrying a EVT6-NTRK3 rearrangement (7/215, 3.26%). Using machine learning and the data extracted from TCGA, we developed of a recognition function for predicting the presence of rearrangement in NTRK genes based on the expression of 10 key genes: AUTS2, DTNA, ERBB4, HDAC1, IGF1, KDR, NTRK1, PASK, PPP2R5B, and PRSS1. The recognition function was used to analyze the expression data of the above genes in 7 TRK-dependent and 10 TRK-independent thyroid tumors obtained by RT-PCR. On the test samples from TCGA, the sensitivity was 72.7%, the specificity - 99.6%. On our independent validation samples tested by RT-PCR, sensitivity was 100%, specificity - 70%. We proposed an mRNA profile of ten genes that can classify TC in relation to the presence of driver NTRK-chimeric TRK genes with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.

An accident at work? Traumatic lesions in the skeleton of a 4th millennium BCE "wagon driver" from Sharakhalsun, Russia.

The study of ante-mortem trauma is a popular and important aspect of palaeopathological analysis. The majority of publications focus on a particular assemblage, skeletal element or type of fracture, with case studies of single individuals with multiple/unusual traumata being much rarer in the literature. This paper presents the case of an adult male from the Bronze Age site of Sharakhalsun, Russia, buried, uniquely, in a sitting position on a fully assembled wagon, who displayed evidence for multiple healed ante-mortem fractures of the cranium, axial and appendicular skeleton. The mechanisms and likely etiologies of the fractures are presented, with reference to modern and 19th century clinical literature, and possible interpretations suggested: that the individual was involved in a severe accident involving a wagon or draft animals, or both, a number of years before his death. The suggestion is also made that the unique burial position of the individual was a form of commemoration by the community of the survival and recovery of the individual from such a serious incident.

[Branch N 2 of the 428th military hospital of the Ministry of Defense celebrates 30th anniversary].

Branch N 2 of the 428th military hospital of the Ministry of Defense celebrates 30th anniversary. The article dedicates to the history of the military specialized hospital (today branch No. 2 of the 428th military hospital of the Ministry of Defense), located in Volsk-18, Saratov .region. Today it is a modern multidisciplinary military-and-treatment organization with 200 beds capacity, where performed all types of specialized and qualified medical aid.

[Experience of using bacteriophages and bitsillin-5 to reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases of bacterial ethiology in military personnel].

The authors defined epidemiological efficacy and safety of the use of bacteriophages(streptococcal, staphylococcal, piobakferiophage multipartial) and bitsillin-5 to reduce tonsillitis morbidityand other respiratory diseases with bacterial etiology in groups of servicemen during their formationagainst increase of seasonal morbidity. The results of the use of these preventive agents were evaluatedby a comparative analysis of this disease in experimental and control groups. In total 510 healthy conscriptswere involved into the study. The effectiveness of prophylactic use of bacteriophages and bitsillin-5, whichprovided a reduction in the incidence of respiratory infections of bacterial ethiology, tonsillitis, and otherrespiratory diseases is showed. Recommendations on the choice of drugsfor the prevention of these infections,methods and organization of their application in organized groups are given.

[From Leonardo Da Vinci to present days; from the history of antiplague costume].

As a prototype of the antiplague costume can be considered a special clothing, which physicians in medieval Europe wear for protection in plague nidus. Inventor of the first antiplague costume is considered to be a French doctor Charles de Lorme (1619). Much later, in 1878, a Russian professor Pashutin V V offered to use a costume, which looked like a hermetically sealed "bag" with a special breathing device aimed at protection of medical staff. Later, professor O.I. Dogel's respirator became well-known (1889). At the beginning of 20th century as part of the antiplague costume was used a charcoal filter mask, invented by Zelinsky N.D. Requirements to order the use of modern means of individual protection when working in nidus of especially dangerous infections identified sanitary-epidemiological rules, which reflect issues of laboratory workers working and protective clothing, respiratory protection, and view, especially operation, the procedure of putting on, removing and disinfecting antiplague costumes, pneumocostumes, pneumohelmets, isolation suits, gas-protection boxes, etc.

[451st Military Hospital of the Ministry of Defence Russia celebrates the 90 years anniversary].

451st Military Hospital of the Ministry of Defence Russia celebrates the 90 years anniversaiy. The Military hospital in Dushanbe turns 90 years in September 2016. Some peculiarities of the work of the hospital are remoteness from the other Russian military hospitals and delivery of primary care, including incidental medical service, medical and specialized healthcare takes place in a hot climate and -under condition of :the prevalence of acute intestinal infections. For decades, the hospital distinguishes a high professionalism and cohesion of the team, the pursuit of the development and adherence to traditions.

Surface modification of uniaxial cyclic strain cell culture platform with temperature-responsive polymer for cell sheet detachment.

Current cell sheet-based blood vessels lack biomimetic structure and require excessively long culture times that may compromise smooth muscle cell phenotype. We modified a commercially available product for uniaxial cell sheet conditioning with thermoresponsive copolymers. Thus, culture of detachable conditioned cell sheets is shortened while retaining structural integrity and contractility.

[1026th Center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation celebrates 80th anniversary].

1026th Center of state sanitary and epidemoiogical surveillance of the Ministry of defence of the Russian Federation celebrates 80th anniversary. 1026th Center of state sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation is a large diversified preventive institution of the medical service. At first founded as a sanitary-and-epidemiological laboratory of the Ural military district the center has a very long history. In peace and wartime, the staff of the center gave made significant contribution to sanitary- and-epidemiological well-being of troops early in Ural, and now in the Central military district.

[Significance of the individual helio-climatic factors in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome morbidity formation of population in the district of military units dislocation].

Been outlined the experience of mathematics modelling of natural phenomena for determination of the impact of individual factors and their combination on the epidemic process development. Found that 97,9% of the variation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome index of population in the study area determine six climatic factors: the Wolf number, rainfall in November, the highest level of the river during floods, the temperature of air in October, the maximum and minimum levels of snow cover in February. As the most significant factors, contributing to the spread of the disease under study, been determine the parameters of air temperature and the height of snow. In the troops proposed to use approved methodology of mathematics modelling to predict changes of epidemiological situation for the disease and for timely organization of preventive measures to avoid introduction of infection in military units.

[Experience of application of modern means of disinfection of air for preventive medications for respiratory diseases in troops].

Among factors of acute respiratory diseases morbidity in military personnel one of most important is frequent interfuisions, of military personnel and long-term occupancy in barracks in conditions of overcrowding. These factors conduce accumulation and communication of causative agents. Prophylaxis focused on prevention ofaerogenous transmission of infection. It is very important if ventilation in barracks is ineffective. Principally new possibilities of air sanitation in barracks are aerosol generators. Application of these generators unlike standard disinfection method provides massive exposure of fine aerosol to rooms. Authors highlight successful experience ofaerosol generators type Raster ULV that helped to reduce acute respiratory diseases morbidity in military personnel.

[The role of cooperation between the command and district medical service in prophylaxis of acute respiratory diseases].

The problem of increased incidence of respiratory diseases in troops is significant due to reorganization of military staff and redeployment of military units, which led to the deterioration of the terms of accommodation and living conditions of personnel. Significant contribution to the growth of this disease has brought an increase in the number of young recruits after the transition to a one-year compulsory military service, as well as reducing the number of doctors in the military echelon. In the Central Military District has developed a unified system of sanitary and anti-epidemic and preventive measures, an understanding commanders associations, military units and formations of the order and timing of their implementation, establish a uniform procedure for reporting on the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the garrisons as in operational duty, and on medical service. All this allows us time to carry out or correct preventive measures, to achieve a positive result of work on the health of military personnel. Due to the close interaction between the command and the medical service in the district after 2012 reduced the number of cases with respiratory diseases.

[Major-General of Medical Service--Alexander Egorovich Deviatkin (to his 70th birthday anniversary)].

The article is devoted to the 70th anniversary of Armed Forces veteran, a distinguished physician of the Russian Federation, former head of the medical service of the North Caucasian Military District (1991-1999), Major-General of Medical Service Alexander Egorovich Devyatkin (27.02.1942-15.04.2003). With the outbreak of hostilities in the Chechen Republic A.E. Devyatkin was appointed to chief of medical service combined grouping of troops (forces). In the current environment, when combat operations had a number of specific features, he showed a high organizational abilities. It was he who, abandoning the pattern, planned and implemented a new system of medical care. Under the leadership of A.E. Devyatkina was then applied to a new system of medical evacuation. To evacuate the wounded and sick from the front edge of the medical company, medical battalion used armored vehicles, and the evacuation of the military hospitals was carried out only by air. All life is a worthy example of the general selfless service to the Motherland and was devoted to the noble cause of preserving and strengthening the health of the Armed Forces of our country.

[Medical support of the Armed Forces of Russia: results of the activities and major tasks for 2012].

The article presents whole range of activity of medical service of the Army and Navy. There were defined main directions and peculiarities of medical supply of the Armed Forces in conditions of forming of a new image. A special attention was paid to questions of combat and mobile readiness of medical armed units and institutes taking into account optimization of structure and quantity of medical service of the AF of RF. The main direction of activity of the medical service is organization of treatment-prophylaxis work for saving of life and health of the staff of Army and Navy. The article informs about stabilization of morbidity by the most popular diseases, about capabilities of medical service of armed unit in a new organization-staff structure, about ways of increasing of effectiveness of activeness of military treatment-prophylaxis institutes.

[Experience of bicillin prevention of acute respiratory diseases in the training center].

The article describes the experience of emergency prevention of acute respiratory diseases among the young recruits by intramuscular injection of BICILLIN-5. This method allowed in winter 2011 to reduce the number of diseases caused by pneumococcus, staphylococcus and streptococcus significantly. Considering the polyetiology of pneumonia, acute bronchitis and acute respiratory infections, the lack of specific means of prevention against the majority of them, as well as the role of the low resistance of the organism in the military development of acute respiratory diseases, it is proposed to use antiviral drugs and immunotropic funds in addition to chemoprophylaxis and vaccination.

[On population demand of paid medical services].

The results of medical sociological study of population of industrial metropolis of Krasnoyarsk and of population of administratively and territorially restricted cities of Jeleznovodsk and Zelenogorsk are presented. Survey of inhabitants of of these cities on their attitude to paid medical services was carried out. Virtually, half of respondents completely or partially are willing to pay for medical services. Ways of choosing types of paid medical services differ depending on territory and are up to quality and availability of medical care.

[Experience with kipferon use in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Opyt primeneniia kipferona pri lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

Kipferon that is a combination of recombinant human (2-interferon and a complex of immunoglobulins G, M and A, was used in suppositories as an auxiliary agent in the routine chemotherapy in 36 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. A control group included 19 patients identical in sex, age, and the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis. The clinical, X-ray, and laboratory indices (primarily cellular immunity) were studies before and 1 and 3 months after treatment. The beneficial effect of kipferon was manifested by a more rapid arrest of symptoms of total intoxication eliminated after 2 weeks in 39% of patients in the experimental group and only in 21% in the controls. Normalization of blood parameters occurred following a month in 58.3 and 47% of patients, respectively. Mycobacteria tuberculosis disappeared in the sputum smears following a month of treatment in 62% of those isolating bacteria in the experimental group and only in 37.5% in the controls (P > 0.1; t = 1.6). Positive lung X-ray changes as resolved infiltration, the reduction and closure of caverns were more pronounced in the patients of the experimental group. The most characteristic change in the parameters of cellular immunity during kipferon was a short (as long as 1-1.5 months) decrease in RBT to FGA, which was noted in 47% and 6.7% of patients in the experimental and control groups, respectively (P < 0.01) and which was followed by an increase in the count of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes. This is indicative of the enhancement of these mechanisms of immunity and a reduced need of enhancing or maintaining the activity of proliferative reactions of immunocompetent cells under the conditions of a favourable influence on the course of tuberculous infection.

[The prevention of postoperative nose deformities following bone reconstructive operations on the maxillary complex]. / Preduprezhdenie posleoperatsionnykh deformatsii nosa posle kostnorekonstruktivnykh operatsii na verkhnecheliustnom komplekse.

Prevention of postoperative deformation of the nose after bone repair surgery (transposition of the maxillary complex forward) is an important problem. The proposed method for osteotomy of the maxillary complex prevents or minimizes the postoperative deformation of the nasal cartilage after transposition of the maxillary complex. The method was used with good results in 35 patients with upper microretrognathia.

[Increase in the effectiveness of using inbreeding in pedigree stocks of dairy cattle]. / Povyshenie éffektivnosti ispol'zovaniia inbridinga v plemennykh stadakh molochnogo skota.

At the main Russian bloodstock farms improving Black-Pied cattle, the influence of inbreeding level on pedigree and reproductive characteristics of animals was studied. Inbreeding patterns with the highest selective effect were revealed. Mothers were found to have an increased effect on milk productivity of daughters obtained from close inbreeding. Recommendations for improving breeding strategy are given.