Ultralong Distance Hydrogen Spillover Enabled by Valence Changes in a Metal Oxide Surface.

Hydrogen spillover is a phenomenon in which hydrogen atoms generated on metal catalysts diffuse onto catalyst supports. This phenomenon offers reaction routes for functional materials. However, due to difficulties in visualizing hydrogen, the fundamental nature of the phenomenon, such as how far hydrogen diffuses, has not been well understood. Here, in this study, we fabricated catalytic model systems based on Pd-loaded SrFeOx (x ∼ 2.8) epitaxial films and investigated hydrogen spillover. We show that hydrogen spillover on the SrFeOx support extends over long distances (∼600 µm). Furthermore, the hydrogen-spillover-induced reduction of Fe4+ in the support yields large energies (as large as 200 kJ/mol), leading to the spontaneous hydrogen transfer and driving the surprisingly ultralong hydrogen diffusion. These results show that the valence changes in the supports' surfaces are the primary factor determining the hydrogen spillover distance. Our study leads to a deeper understanding of the long-debated issue of hydrogen spillover and provides insight into designing catalyst systems with enhanced properties.

A pharmacodynamics comparison of prasugrel and clopidogrel in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Platelet reactivity in the presence of clopidogrel is deteriorated in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the impact of residual platelet reactivity with prasugrel use in Japanese patients on HD remains unclear. This was a prospective, multi-center, single-arm study conducted to compare platelet reactivity of prasugrel 3.75 mg per day vs. clopidogrel 75 mg per day in patients on chronic HD. We assessed P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) using the VerifyNow® P2Y12 test for all enrolled patients at baseline (clopidogrel treatment) and at 14 days (prasugrel treatment) pre- and post-HD. Clinical outcomes data were obtained on day 14. A total of 38 patients on HD were included in this study. The PRU were significantly higher in patients on clopidogrel than in patients on prasugrel in both phases (pre-HD: clopidogrel 226 ± 80 vs. prasugrel 175 ± 82, p < 0.001) (post-HD: clopidogrel 256 ± 67 vs. prasugrel 210 ± 63, p < 0.001). There were no patients with bleeding or adverse events during the two weeks of prasugrel treatment. Prasugrel 3.75 mg per day, adjusted for Japanese patients, inhibited platelet aggregation better than clopidogrel, even after hemodialysis, which might contribute to the reduced incidence of major adverse event in patients undergoing HD.

Acute papillary muscle rupture immediately after ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: A case report.

A 73-year-old woman in cardiogenic shock was referred to our hospital because of papillary muscle rupture immediately after the onset of acute myocardial infarction (MI). She had undergone emergent percutaneous coronary intervention and mitral valve replacement. Serial creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB levels indicated that she had acute phase MI on arrival. Pathological findings showed coagulative necrosis of the papillary muscle, which was characteristic evidence of the consequence of prolonged ischemia. We describe herein an unusual case of complete rupture of the posterior papillary muscle occurring immediately after the development of MI. .