RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Executive function is a high-level set of cognitive processes related to goal-directed behaviors including two conceptual subtypes of hot (emotional) and cold (cognitive) executive function (to abbreviate EF). EF deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) leads to significant social impairments in the home, school, and community. Today the type and the extent of executive function defects in ADHD are still debated in studies. We aimed to evaluate hot and cold executive function among medication-naive children with ADHD, with and without oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). METHODS: Forty-five children including suffering ADHD with ODD (n = 15), without ODD (n = 15), or typically developed (TD, n = 15) participated in this cross-sectional study (the age of children was between 7 and 12 years old). The Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) was used to screen behavioral and emotional symptoms. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised-Digit Span Task (WAIS-R-DST), Corsi Block Task (CBT), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were used for assessing cold executive function. Assessing hot executive function was done with Delay Discounting Task (DDT) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). RESULTS: Evaluating the cold executive function, total WAIS-R-DST score, Backward DST, total CBT score, and Backward CBT were significantly lower among ADHD than TD groups (p < 0.05). Assessing the hot executive function showed that the score of DDT and IGT was significantly lower among ADHD than TD groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both hot and cold executive functions are defective in children with ADHD, while the comorbid of ODD has no significant effect. We suggest the clinicians to consider cognitive rehabilitation interventions as a necessary treatment modality for ADHD patients.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pilonidal sinus is one of the most complicated chronic wounds common in younger adults. This disabling condition affects the natal clefts of the buttocks and often requires surgery. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma and fibrin glue (PRP-FG) on pain reduction and the healing process of pilonidal sinus after excisional surgery with primary closure. METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study included 40 patients with pilonidal sinus admitted to a surgical ward. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, who underwent wide excision of the sinus with primary closure, and the case group, who had wide excision of the sinus with primary closure along with injection of autologous PRP-FG into the wound. For 6 months, patients were followed up for their severity of pain, wound healing process, the time it took them to get back to normal activities, infection, and other complications. RESULTS: In the first and second week after surgery, the severity of pain in the case group was reduced significantly in comparison with the control group. Healing time decreased but not significantly. There was no significant difference in infection and recurrence between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of PRP-FG has the potential to reduce pain significantly in primary closure of pilonidal sinus.
