Effect of Er:YAG Laser Exposure on the Amorphous Smear Layer in the Marginal Zone of the Osteotomy Site for Placement of Dental Screw Implants: A Histomorphological Study.

The placement of dental screw implants typically involves the use of rotary techniques and drills to create a bone bed. This study explores the potential benefits of combining this method with an Er:YAG laser. Split osteotomies were performed on 10 jaws of euthanized domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica), with 12 mandibular implant osteotomies in each jaw, divided into 4 groups. In order to make a comprehensive assessment of the effect of Er:YAG lasers, histomorphological techniques were used to measure the reduction in amorphous layer thickness after Er:YAG laser treatment, both with and without the placement of dental screw implants from different manufacturers. Following bone decalcification and staining, the thickness of the amorphous layer was measured in four groups: Group A-osteotomy performed without Er:YAG laser treatment-had amorphous layer thicknesses ranging from 21.813 to 222.13 µm; Group B-osteotomy performed with Er:YAG laser treatment-had amorphous layer thicknesses ranging from 6.08 to 64.64 µm; Group C-an implant placed in the bone without laser treatment-had amorphous layer thicknesses of 5.90 to 54.52 µm; and Group D-an implant placed after bone treatment with Er:YAG laser-had amorphous layer thicknesses of 1.29 to 7.98 µm. The examination and photomicrodocumentation was performed using a LEICA DM1000 LED microscope (Germany) and LAS V 4.8 software (Leica Application Suite V4, Leica Microsystems, Germany). When comparing group A to group B and group C to D, statistically significant differences were indicated (p-value = 0.000, p < 0.05). The study demonstrates the synergistic effects and the possibility of integrating lasers into the conventional implantation protocol. By applying our own method of biomodification, the smear layer formed during rotary osteotomy can be reduced using Er:YAG lasers. This reduction leads to a narrower peri-implant space and improved bone-to-implant contact, facilitating accelerated osseointegration.

Patch test results in dental staff with dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Dental workers are exposed to allergenic materials in the workplace. OBJECTIVES: To summarize patch test results in dental staff with work-related dermatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of dental staff with dermatitis was conducted. Symptoms, clinical findings and results from patch tests with 40 dental allergens were summarized. RESULTS: Of 329 participants, 155 (47.1%) had at least one positive patch reaction. The highest frequency of positive reactions was observed for metals (38.6%), acrylics (7.3%) and additives in acrylic resins (3.6%). One hundred and eighty-five (56.2%) participants were currently symptomatic; in this group, 79 (42.7%) had current dermatitis. Thirty-eight patients had at least one positive patch test considered occupationally related to their current dermatitis. CONCLUSION: Almost half of the dental staff with dermatitis had at least one positive patch test and approximately 12% had current occupational relevance of the allergens. Our results underscore the importance of patch testing in the evaluation of dental staff with dermatitis.

A rare case of a giant cell tumour caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Reparative giant cell granulomas are benign masses of multi-etiological nature, which account for 1%-7% of all benign lesions of the jaws. The objective of this case report is to present the relationship between isolated vitamin D deficiency and the development of reparative giant cell granuloma.Herein, we present the case of a 70-year-old female patient with a painless mass of increased mobility in the mandibular region, and pain in the involved teeth. After histological confirmation and laboratory screening, а reparative giant cell granuloma caused by serious deficiency of vitamin D3 - (25-OH)D was diagnosed. The treatment protocol included surgical removal of the lesion and vitamin D replacement therapy.In rare cases, this type of lesion can be a primary manifestation of vitamin D deficiency; therefore, it is extremely important to be aware of this pathology.

Auto-tooth bone graft material for reconstruction of bone defects in the oral region: case reports.

We present some clinical cases of autogenous tooth graft - a modern method in which the extracted teeth are processed into a demineralised dentin matrix (DDM) and are then immediately transplanted into the post-extraction sockets or bone defects.

Quality of Endodontic Treatment and Prevalence of Apical Radiolucencies in a Bulgarian Subpopulation: a CBCT Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The advent of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in endodontics has enhanced the diagnosis of periapical radiolucencies and the assessment of endodontically treated teeth. AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of periapical radiolucencies in a Bulgarian subpopulation and the quality of previous endodontic treatment using CBCT scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 2795 roots from 160 Large FOV CBCT which were evaluated by two independent examiners using two scoring systems: CBCT-PAI and PESS. RESULTS: The inter-examiner agreement spanned from strong to almost perfect (0.892 and 0.983). The prevalence of periapical lesions according to the two scoring systems was 23.1% and 12.9 %, respectively. The prevalence of endodontically treated teeth was high (34.1%). Sixty-five percent of them presented with signs of periapical radiolucencies, while only 1.4% of all non-treated roots had a periapical lesion. A significant association between periapical disease, poor quality of the root canal filling and inadequate coronal seal was found (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of periapical disease in endodontically-treated teeth in the Bulgarian subpopulation was high. Poor qual-ity of the root canal filling and inadequate coronal seal were assessed as prognostic determinants of treatment failure. CBCT techniques can augment conventional diagnostic techniques in the field of endodontics.

Aggressive Fibromatosis in the Mandible of a Child: A Rare Case Report.

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is an uncommon, benign, collagen-forming soft tissue neoplasm that is characterized by monoclonal myofibroblast cell proliferation and derived from musculoaponeurotic structures. It has a locally invasive pathological behavior and a high potential for recurrence. Fibromatoses with onset in infancy and childhood are characterized with higher cellularity and more aggressive growth. The mainstream management of AF is surgical removal with microscopically lesion-free margins. In advanced cases, radical surgery can lead to function loss and disfigurement. Hence, early diagnosis and management can avoid complications. Although uncommon (two to four cases per million per year are reported), approximately 25 percent of AF incidents occur in children younger than 15 years of age. Pediatric dentists are likely to be the first practitioners to encounter new cases of AF in younger populations and should have knowledge and understanding of this entity. The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of AF affecting the mandible of a young patient.