RESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low density lipoprotein receptor related proteins (LRPs) 1 and 6 have been implicated in cerebral ischaemia. In addition, genetic variation in LRP1 and LRP6 has been linked with various factors that are related to risk of ischaemic stroke. The aim of this study was to examine the association of LRP1 and LRP6 gene variants with risk of ischaemic stroke as part of the Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study (ISGS). METHODS: A Caucasian series (434 stroke patients, 319 controls) and an African American series (161 stroke patients, 116 controls) were included. Fourteen LRP6 variants and three LRP1 variants were genotyped and assessed for association with ischaemic stroke. RESULTS: In the Caucasian series, significant associations with ischaemic stroke were observed for LRP6 rs2075241 [odds ratio (OR) 0.42, P = 0.023], rs2302685 (OR 0.44, P = 0.049), rs7975614 (OR 0.07, P = 0.017), rs10492120 (OR 0.62, P = 0.036) and rs10743980 (OR 0.66, P = 0.037). Risk of ischaemic stroke was significantly lower for carriers of any of these five protective LRP6 variants (24.0% of subjects) compared to non-carriers (OR 0.57, P = 0.003). The protective association for LRP6 rs2075241 was observed at a similar magnitude across ischaemic stroke subtypes, whilst the effects of rs23022685, rs10492120 and rs10743980 were most apparent for cardioembolic and large vessel stroke. In the African American series, LRP1 rs11172113 was associated with an increased risk of stroke (OR 1.89, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our preliminary study provide evidence that LRP6 and LRP1 variants may be associated with risk of ischaemic stroke. Validation in larger studies is warranted.
Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Proteína 1 Relacionada con Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad/genética , Proteína-6 Relacionada a Receptor de Lipoproteína de Baja Densidad/genética , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We fabricated an on-chip capillary electrophoresis device for blood analysis. An on-chip capillary electrophoresis device was photolithographically fabricated on a glass chip. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was employed as a sample enzyme. Small amounts of enzyme in the mixture of other proteins were detected with the electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) method. Fluorescein diphosphate was used as fluorogenic substrate. The detection of ALP activity was achieved with laser-induced fluorescence monitoring fluorescein that was produced in enzyme reaction in capillary. Several methods to reduce the adhesion of protein are also discussed.