RESUMEN
Chromosome 5q31 spans the T helper (Th) 2-related cytokine gene cluster, which is potentially important in Th1/Th2 immune responses. The chromosome 5q23.2-31.3 has been recently identified as a region with suggestive evidence of linkage to tuberculosis in the Asian population. With the aim of fine-mapping a putative tuberculosis susceptibility locus, we investigated a family-based association test between the dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within chromosome 5q31 and tuberculosis in 205 Thai trio families. Of these, 75 SNPs located within candidate genes covering SLC22A4, SLC22A5, IRF1, IL5, RAD50, IL13, IL4, KIF3A and SEPT8 were genotyped using the DigiTag2 assay. Association analysis revealed the most significant association with tuberculosis in haplotypes comprising SNPs rs274559, rs274554 and rs274553 of SLC22A5 gene (P(Global)=2.02 x 10(-6)), which remained significant after multiple testing correction. In addition, two haplotypes within the SLC22A4 and KIF3A region were associated with tuberculosis. Haplotypes of SLC22A5 were significantly associated with the expression levels of RAD50 and IL13. The results show that the variants carried by the haplotypes of SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and KIF3A region potentially contribute to tuberculosis susceptibility among the Thai population.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 5/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Cinesinas/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Catión Orgánico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple/genética , Tuberculosis/genética , Biología Computacional , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Genotipo , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Linaje , Miembro 5 de la Familia 22 de Transportadores de Solutos , Simportadores , TailandiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: In Thailand nearly 1000 public health laboratories serve 65 million people. A qualified indicator of a good quality laboratory is Thailand Medical Technology Council certification. Consequently, Chiang Rai Regional Medical Sciences Center established a development program for laboratory certification for 29 laboratories in the province. This paper seeks to examine this issue. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The goal was to improve laboratory service quality by voluntary participation, peer review, training and compliance with standards. The program consisted of specific activities. Training and workshops to update laboratory staffs' quality management knowledge were organized. Staff in each laboratory performed a self-assessment using a standard check-list to evaluate ten laboratory management areas. Chiang Rai Regional Medical Sciences Center staff supported the distribution of quality materials and documents. They provided calibration services for laboratory equipment. Peer groups performed an internal audit and successful laboratories received Thailand Medical Technology Council certification. FINDINGS: By December 2007, eight of the 29 laboratories had improved quality sufficiently to be certified. Factors that influenced laboratories' readiness for quality improvement included the number of staff, their knowledge, budget and staff commitment to the process. Moreover, the support of each hospital's laboratory working group or network was essential for success. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: There was no clear policy for supporting the program. Laboratories voluntarily conducted quality management using existing resources. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: A bottom-up approach to this kind of project can be difficult to accomplish. Laboratory professionals can work together to illustrate and highlight outcomes for top-level health officials. A top-down, practical approach would be much less difficult to implement. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Quality certification is a critical step for laboratory staff, which also encourages them to aspire to international quality standards like ISO. The certification program is an important mechanism for addressing inadequate knowledge, budget, planning, policy and staff required to improve laboratory services.