A Comparative Study between Endoscopic Prelacrimal Approach and Middle Meatal Antrostomy for Maxillary Sinus Pathologies.

Aim, To evaluate the treatment outcomes of endoscopic prelacrimal approach in managing various maxillary sinus pathologies, analyzing the associated adverse events and post treatment quality of life and also to compare surgical outcomes of prelacrimal approach with middle meatal antrostomy approach to remove various maxillary sinus pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from January 2019 to April 2020. We took 60 patients with maxillary sinus pathologies and divided into two groups and done sinus surgery through middle meatal antrostomy approach (group A) and prelacrimal approach (group B). Post operative follow up done for one year and analyzed complications and recurrence. RESULTS: We compared the recurrence rate of antrochoanal polyp in both groups. Out of 12 patients in group A, 6 patients (50%) got recurrence of polyp. In group B, only one patient (8%) got recurrence out of 12 patients of antrochoanal polyp. CONCLUSION: We conclude that prelacrimal recess approach is a better option than middle meatal antrostomy for complete removal of pathologies in maxillary sinus.

Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India.

Recently, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of India, particularly in broiler flocks. The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with IBH in chicken and assessment of its pathogenicity. Liver samples were collected from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) suspected 100 commercial broiler and six broiler breeder flocks from eleven different States of India from 2016 to 2019. All the samples were subjected to 897-bp FAdV hexon gene-specific PCR for confirmation and primary chicken liver cells were used to isolate the field FAdVs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897-bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that all the isolates have showed close evolutionary relationship with fowl adenovirus serotype 11 of species D. For pathogenicity assessment, 0.5 ml of 106.5 TCID50/ml of field FAdV serotype 11 isolate was orally inoculated in 1-day-old SPF chicks and observed for 21 days. This experimental study revealed that there was no mortality in infected chicks and showed clinical signs of dullness, depression and diarrhoea between third and fifth day of oral inoculation. The FAdV was reisolated and confirmed by PCR from experimentally infected chicken. Based on this study, among all serotypes, FAdV serotype 11 is involved in pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler-type chickens in India.

Friction Stir Processing of Stainless Steel for Ascertaining Its Superlative Performance in Bioimplant Applications.

Substrate-cell interactions for a bioimplant are driven by substrate's surface characteristics. In addition, the performance of an implant and resistance to degradation are primarily governed by its surface properties. A bioimplant typically degrades by wear and corrosion in the physiological environment, resulting in metallosis. Surface engineering strategies for limiting degradation of implants and enhancing their performance may reduce or eliminate the need for implant removal surgeries and the associated cost. In the current study, we tailored the surface properties of stainless steel using submerged friction stir processing (FSP), a severe plastic deformation technique. FSP resulted in significant microstructural refinement from 22 µm grain size for the as-received alloy to 0.8 µm grain size for the processed sample with increase in hardness by nearly 1.5 times. The wear and corrosion behavior of the processed alloy was evaluated in simulated body fluid. The processed sample demonstrated remarkable improvement in both wear and corrosion resistance, which is explained by surface strengthening and formation of a highly stable passive layer. The methylthiazol tetrazolium assay demonstrated that the processed sample is better in supporting cell attachment, proliferation with minimal toxicity, and hemolysis. The athrombogenic characteristic of the as-received and processed samples was evaluated by fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay, respectively. The processed sample showed less platelet and fibrinogen adhesion compared with the as-received alloy, signifying its high thromboresistance. The current study suggests friction stir processing to be a versatile toolbox for enhancing the performance and reliability of currently used bioimplant materials.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, dielectric, molecular docking and DFT studies of (3E)-3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-one: an anticancer agent.

BACKGROUND: Coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) and its derivatives have a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical activities. They possess antitumor, anti-HIV, anticoagulant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Synthesis and isolation of coumarins from different species have attracted the attention of medicinal chemists. Herein, we report the synthesis, molecular structure, dielectric, anticancer activity and docking studies with the potential target protein tankyrase. RESULTS: Molecular structure of (3E)-3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-one (MBDC) is derived from quantum chemical calculations and compared with the experimental results. Intramolecular interactions, stabilization energies, and charge delocalization are calculated by NBO analysis. NLO property and dielectric quantities have also been determined. It indicates the formation of a hydrogen bonding between -OH group of alcohol and C=O of coumarin. The relaxation time increases with the increase of bond length confirming the degree of cooperation and depends upon the shape and size of the molecules. The molecule under study has shown good anticancer activity against MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines. Molecular docking studies indicate that the MBDC binds with protein. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the compound (3E)-3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-one was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic studies. The computed and experimental results of NMR study are tabulated. The dielectric relaxation studies show the existence of molecular interactions between MBDC and alcohol. Theoretical results of MBDC molecules provide the way to predict various binding sites through molecular modeling and these results also support that the chromen substitution is more active in the entire molecule. Molecular docking study shows that MBDC binds well in the active site of tankyrase and interact with the amino acid residues. These results are compared with the anti cancer drug molecule warfarin derivative. The results suggest that both molecules have comparable interactions and better docking scores. The results of the antiproliferative activity of MBDC and Warfarin derivative against MCF-7 breast cancer and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines at different concentrations exhibited significant cytotoxicity. The estimated half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) value for MBDC and Warfarin derivative was 15.6 and 31.2 µg/ml, respectively. This enhanced cytotoxicity of MBDC in MCF-7 breast cancer and HT-29 colon cancer cell lines may be due to their efficient targeted binding and eventual uptake by the cells. Hence the compound MBDC may be considered as a drug molecule for cancer.Graphical abstractThe binding mode of the ligand MBDC at active site of protein and the graphical representation of cell inhibition for MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines.

Highly regio- and diastereo-selective synthesis of novel tri- and tetra-cyclic perhydroquinoline architectures via an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.

A facile and efficient synthetic protocol was established for the construction of novel tri- and tetra-cyclic pyrrolo/pyrrolizinoquinoline architectures via the in situ formation of azomethine ylide followed by an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction strategy. This protocol leads to the creation of two/three new rings and three/four contiguous stereocentres, in which one of them is a tetra-substituted carbon center, in a highly diastereoselective fashion with excellent yields.

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C35H31N3O5S, the piperidine ring adopts an envelope conformation, with the methine C atom as the flap, and the pyran ring adopts a sofa conformation. The mean planes of these two rings are almost normal to one another, making a dihedral angle of 85.96 (5)°. The two phenyl rings, one attached to the pyrazole ring and the other to the pyran ring, are inclined to one another by 65.41 (11)°. They are inclined to the mean planes of the rings to which they are attached by 12.59 (11) and 70.09 (9)°, respectively. There is an intra-molecular C-H⋯π inter-action involving the tosyl-ate methyl group and the phenyl ring attached to the pyrazole ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming ribbons parallel to (10-2). The ribbons are linked by slipped parallel π-π inter-actions involving inversion-related pyrazole rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.672 (2) Å], forming slabs parallel to (001). A preliminary report of this structure has been published [Bakthadoss et al. (2014 ▶). Eur. J. Org. Chem. pp. 1505-1513].

14-Meth-oxy-4,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-di-aza-tetra-cyclo-[8.8.0.0(2,7).0(13,18)]octa-deca-2(7),13,15,17-tetra-ene-3,5,11-trione.

The title compound, C23H20N2O6, crystallizes with two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the mean planes of the pyran and phenyl rings are 66.6 (1) and 61.9 (1) °. The fused pyrone and pyran rings each adopts a sofa conformation. In the crystal, C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to [001].

Methyl 11,14,16-triphenyl-8,12-dioxa-14,15-di-aza-tetra-cyclo-[8.7.0.0(2,7).0(13,17)]hepta-deca-2(7),3,5,13(17),15-penta-ene-10-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C33H26N2O4, the pyrazole ring makes dihedral angles of 15.13 (7) and 60.80 (7)° with the adjacent phenyl rings. Both di-hydro-pyran rings exhibit half-chair conformations. A weak intra-molecular C-H⋯O inter-action occurs. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into inversion dimers through pairs of C-H⋯N inter-actions. Weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are also observed.

14-Eth-oxy-4,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-diaza-tetra-cyclo-[8.8.0.0(2,7).0(13,18)]octa-deca-2(7),13,15,17-tetra-ene-3,5,11-trione.

In the title compound, C23H20N2O6, the fused pyrone and pyran rings each adopt a sofa conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyran and phenyl rings is 61.9 (1)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by two pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers. These dimers are linked via a third C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (10-2).

14-Eth-oxy-4,6,9-trimethyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-diaza-tetra-cyclo-[8.8.0.0(2,7).0(13,18)]octa-deca-2(7),13,15,17-tetra-ene-3,5,11-trione.

In the title compound, C(19)H(20)N(2)O(6), the pyrone and pyran rings adopt envelope conformations with the same common C atom as the flap, the dihedral angle between the planes of the remaining ring atoms being 68.27 (4)°. The planar atoms of the pyran ring and the diaza-cyclic ring are almost coplanar, the dihedral angle between their mean planes being 3.29 (7)°. Moreover, the planar atoms of the pyrone ring and benzene ring of the coumarin unit are also close to coplanar, the dihedral angle between their mean planes being 8.03 (9)°. The meth-oxy group lies in the plane of the benzene ring, with a dihedral angle between their mean planes of 9.4 (2)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds resulting in sheets of mol-ecules in the ac plane.

2-Formyl-6-meth-oxy-phenyl cinnamate.

In the title compound, C(17)H(14)O(4), the C=C bond adopts an E conformation and the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 73.9 (1)°. The crystal packing features C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate C(4) chains propagating along the b-axis direction. Weak aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.703 (1) Å] are also observed.

(E)-Methyl 2-[(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)meth-yl]-3-phenyl-acrylate.

In the title compound, C(19)H(15)NO(4), the isoindole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.011 (1) Å] and is oriented at a dihedral angle of 75.7 (1)° with respect to the phenyl ring. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate zigzag chains along the a axis. The crystal packing is further stabilized by a C-H⋯π inter-action.

N-(2-Formyl-phen-yl)-4-toluene-sulfonamide: a second monoclinic polymorph.

The title compound, C(14)H(13)NO(3)S, (I), is a second monoclinic polymorph. The original polymorph, (II), was reported by Mahía et al. [Acta Cryst. (1999), C55, 2158-2160]. Polymorph (II) crystalllized in the space group P2(1)/c (Z = 4), whereas the title polymorph (I) occurs in the space group P2(1)/n (Z = 4). The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 75.9 (1)° in (I) compared to 81.9 (1)° for (II). In both polymorphs, two S(6) rings are generated by intra-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in similar mol-ecular geometries. However, the two polymorphs differ concerning their crystal packing. In (I), mol-ecules are linked into C(8) zigzag chains along the b axis by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, whereas in (II) mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming C(7) chains along the b axis. The title polymorph is further stabilized by inter-molecular C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.814 (1) Å]. These inter-actions are not evident in polymorph (II).

(2Z)-2-{[N-(2-Formyl-phen-yl)-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamido]-meth-yl}-3-(4-methyl-phen-yl)prop-2-ene-nitrile.

In the title compound, C(25)H(22)N(2)O(3)S, the sulfonyl-bound benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 36.8 (2) and 81.4 (2)°, respectively, with the formyl-benzene and methyl-benzene rings. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(5) ring motif. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate C(11) chains along the b axis. The crystal packing is further stabilized by π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.927 (2) Å].

(E)-Methyl 3-(3,4-dimeth-oxy-phen-yl)-2-[(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)meth-yl]acrylate.

In the title compound, C(21)H(19)NO(6), the isoindole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.019 (2) Šfor the N atom] and is oriented at a dihedral angle of 51.3 (1)° with respect to the benzene ring. The two meth-oxy groups are almost coplanar with the attached benzene ring [C-O-C-C = 3.7 (4) and 4.3 (4)°]. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(9) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked through bifurcated C-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds having R(1) (2)(5) ring motifs, forming chains along the b-axis direction. The crystal packing is further stabilzed by π-π inter-actions [centriod-centroid distance = 3.463 (1) Å].

(E)-3-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)-2-[(2-formylphen-oxy)meth-yl]prop-2-ene-nitrile.

In the title compound, C(17)H(12)ClNO(2), the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 42.9 (1)°. There are no sgnificant inter-molecular inter-actions.

Methyl (2E)-2-({2-[(2E)-2-benzyl-idene-3-meth-oxy-3-oxoprop-yl]-1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl}meth-yl)-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate.

In the title compound, C(31)H(26)O(6), the five-membered ring of the indane unit adopts a slight envelope conformation with the flap atom displaced by 1.38 (14) Å. The mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(9) ring motif. In the crystal, pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules into dimers, generating R(2) (2)(22) ring motifs. The crystal packing is further stabilized by C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Methyl (Z)-2-[(4-bromo-2-formyl-phen-oxy)meth-yl]-3-(4-methyl-phen-yl)acrylate.

In the title compound, C(19)H(17)BrO(4), the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 82.9 (2)°. The mol-ecular structure is stabilized by an intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which generates an S(7) ring motif. The crystal packing is stabilized by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate two centrosymmetic ring systems with R(2) (2)(18) and R(2) (2)(14) graph-set motifs. The crystal packing is further stabilized by inter-molecular π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.984 (2) Å].

(E)-6-Methyl-3-(2-methyl-benzyl-idene)-chroman-2-one.

In the title compound, C(18)H(16)O(2), the heterocyclic ring of the chroman-2-one system adopts a slightly distorted screw-boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the coumarin ring system and the benzene ring is 67.5 (1)°. The crystal packing features C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric R(2) (2)(8) dimers, and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Methyl (2E)-2-[(2,4-dioxo-1,3-thia-zolidin-3-yl)meth-yl]-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate.

In the title compound, C(14)H(13)NO(4)S, the thia-zolidine ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.010 (2) Šfor the carbonyl C atom between the N and S atoms] and is oriented at a dihedral angle of 60.1 (1)° with respect to the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into zigzag chains running along the c axis by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing is further stabilized by C-H⋯π inter-actions involving the benzene ring.