RESUMEN
Tumor cells extensively utilize the pentose phosphate pathway for the synthesis of ribose. Transketolase is a key enzyme in this pathway and has been suggested as a target for inhibition in the treatment of cancer. In a pharmacodynamic study, nude mice with xenografted HCT-116 tumors were dosed with 1 ('N3'-pyridyl thiamine'; 3-(6-methyl-2-amino-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium chloride hydrochloride), an analog of thiamine, the co-factor of transketolase. Transketolase activity was almost completely suppressed in blood, spleen, and tumor cells, but there was little effect on the activity of the other thiamine-utilizing enzymes alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Synthesis and SAR of transketolase inhibitors is described.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Tiamina/análogos & derivados , Tiamina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transcetolasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Neoplasias del Colon/enzimología , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Complejo Cetoglutarato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Estructura Molecular , Oxitiamina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/enzimología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Inhibition of the thiamine-utilizing enzyme transketolase (TK) has been linked with diminished tumor cell proliferation. Most thiamine antagonists have a permanent positive charge on the B-ring, and it has been suggested that this charge is required for diphosphorylation by thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPPK) and binding to TK. We sought to make neutral thiazolium replacements that would be substrates for TPPK, while not necessarily needing thiamine transporters (ThTr1 and ThTr2) for cell penetration. The synthesis, SAR, and structure-based rationale for highly potent non-thiazolium TK antagonists are presented.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Tiamina/análogos & derivados , Transcetolasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Catálisis , Línea Celular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Ratones , Conformación Proteica , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tiamina/química , Tiamina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Transketolase, a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, has been suggested as a target for inhibition in the treatment of cancer. Compound 5a ('N3'-pyridyl thiamine'; 3-(6-methyl-2-amino-pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-methyl-thiazol-3-ium chloride hydrochloride), an analog of the transketolase cofactor thiamine, is a potent transketolase inhibitor but suffers from poor pharmacokinetics due to high clearance and C(max) linked toxicity. An efficient way of improving the pharmacokinetic profile of 5a is to prepare oxidized prodrugs which are slowly reduced in vivo yielding longer, sustained blood levels of the drug. The synthesis of such prodrugs and their evaluation in rodent models is reported.
