[Cataract surgeries in 1820-1900]. / Operacje zacmy w latach 1820-1900.

This work tries to present the evolution of the opinions on cataract and the methods of its therapy in Warsaw and Galician research centres in the period of 1820-1900. A lot of attention has been paid mainly to the methods of cataract operation, the ways of preparing the patient for surgery, intra- and postoperating complications, the methods of dressing the wound after operation. This study has been based on historical literature and on such papers like "Gazeta Lekarska" ("Medical Newspaper"), "Tygodnik Lekarski" ("Medical Weekly") and other similar documents as well as on the "Lecture about the diseases of the visual organ in human being" by Prof. Szokalski written in 1869.

[Results of retinal detachment surgery in aphakic and pseudo-aphakic eyes]. / Wyniki leczenia odwarstwienia siatkówki w oczach afakijnych i pseudofakijnych.

PURPOSE: The authors present results of conventional treatment of a patient with the retinal detachment in the aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group consisted of 34 persons: 10 women and 24 men, aged from 40-79 years. Earlier the intracapsular (in 24 eyeballs) and extracapsular (in 3 eyeballs), lens extraction had been performed. The intraocular lens was inserted into 7 eyes. The following surgical technics were performed: cerclage in 16 eyes, screlar invagination in 5 eyes, scleral invagination with an extrascleral implant in 7 eyes, the extrascleral implant alone in 6 eyes. RESULTS: Total retinal reattachment was attained in 85% in aphakic eyes and 100% in pseudophakic eyes.

[A case of invasive corneal and conjunctival cancer]. / Przypadek raka inwazyjnego rogówki i spojówki galkowej.

The paper presents a case of a 44 years old man, K.Z., with an invasive carcinoma of cornea and conjunctiva of his left eye. The patient was hospitalized for the first time eight years ago due to a viral keratitis of this eye, afterwards for three times due to changes within his cornea and conjunctiva in form of a cauliflower-like whitepink small tumour at the conjunctiva-cornea border line. During his last hospitalization the change covered two thirds of the cornea and it was going over onto the bulbar conjunctiva. The fourfold cytological and histopathological assays of the change did not show carcinomatous cells, but only cells of multi-layer, flat epithelium with features of excessive cornification. It is only the last histopathological assay of the cut-off small tumour that showed that it was carcinoma planoepitheliale keratodes invasivum. The consultant radiologists recommended removing the eye bulb since high radiation doses, which would be necessary, would destroy the eye bulb and yield postradiation reactions. The histopathological assays of the enucleated eye bulb confirmed the diagnosis and showed the superficial infiltration of the conjuctiva border. The patient was subjected to the X-ray treatment over the conjunctival sac region.

[A case of Leber's idiopathic stellate retinitis and optic neuritis]. / Przypadek samoistnego gwiazdzistego zapalenia siatkówki i nerwu wzrokowego Lebera.

A case of 31-year-old man with Leber's idiopathic stellate retinopathy is presented. On the eye fundus there was optic disc swelling and maculopathy with yellow star-like foci. The visual acuity was -0,01. Antibiotics and encorton were applied in the treatment. During the therapy the visual acuity was improved, maculopathy and disc swelling reduced. We wanted to present the above case because of its unique occurrence and diagnostic difficulties.

[Changes in the visual system of patients with carotid artery occlusion]. / Zmiany w narzadzie wzroku u chorych z niedroznoscia tetnic szyjnych.

The authors presented results of visual system examination in 28 persons in whom disturbances of blood flow in carotid arteries were diagnosed with colour doppler ultrasonography. The patients underwent routine ophthalmological examination, including kinetic and static perimetry. Ocular signs only, with no neurological changes, were found in 46% of patients. In 21% of cases there were episodes of transient blindness; homonymous hemianopsia occurred in 10%, acute ischaemic optic neuropathy in 11%, and secondary neovascular glaucoma in 14% of patients.

[Implantation of intraocular lens in anterior and posterior chamber from our clinical material]. / Wszczepy sztucznych soczewek przednioi tylnokomorowych w materiale wlasnym.

The authors presented results of 346 cataract extraction with IOL implantation--in 184 eyes anterior and in 162 posterior chamber. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 6 years (mean 1.6 year). In 80.6% of cases, visual acuity after surgery was 0.6-1.0. Corneal astigmatismus 2.5-5.0 D was found in 31.2% of the eyes. The authors analysed early and late complications, taking into account the differences between anterior and posterior chamber IOLs implantation.

[Ocular symptoms in Wegener's granulomatosis--personal observations]. / Objawy oczne w ziarniniaku Wegenera--obserwacje wlasne.

The authors present 10 patients treated for Wegener's granulomatosis. In 5 of of them (50%) the ocular changes were observed: in 3-infiltration of the orbit, including one case with infiltration of lacrimal ducts, and in 2-the recurrent bacterial conjunctivitis. On the account of the rareness of the disease and its various symptoms, the diagnosis, in some cases, was made fairly late. It was emphasized that the ocular lesions may be the first symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis. The bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, and orbital pseudotumor in patients with chronic respiratory tract and nasal sinuses changes should arouse suspicion of Wegener's granulomatosis and are an indication for detailed tests.

[Experimental studies of administration of perfluoroalkane to the anterior chamber and vitreous body of rabbits]. / Badania doswiadczalne nad zastosowaniem perfluoroalkanu do komory przedniej i ciala szklistego królika.

Presented are the results of experimental investigations evaluating the influence of perfluoroalcane on the ocular tissue in rabbits. The examined animals were divided into 2 groups. The rabbits from the first one received the compound into the anterior chamber of the right eye, the rabbits from the 2-nd group to the vitreous of the right eye. The left eye was the control one. Evaluated was the degree of absorption of the compound from the anterior chamber and vitreous, its influence on the anterior segment, transparency of the lens and intraocular pressure. An ERG was performed before the application of the compound and after 7, 14 and 49 days; subsequently the eyes were excised and a histopathological examination was performed in a light microscope.

[Laser therapy of ocular toxoplasmosis]. / Laseroterapia w toksoplazmozie ocznej.

The authors present the results of treatment by laser coagulation of inflammatory retino-choroidal foci in 32 persons with ocular toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of Toxoplasma etiology was set on a basis of positive immunological reaction for Toxoplasma gondii antigen and after exclusion of other etiological factors. Among 42 eyes stabilization of the process after 1 intervention was observed in 34, i.e. in 89 p.c. (period of observation--up to 4 years). In the following 8 eyes arised the necessity to perform additional coagulations because of formation of fresh foci which appeared in 5 eyes after 6 months, in 2 eyes after 1 year and in 1 eye after 2 years since onset. The authors consider the application of laser coagulation in ocular toxoplasmosis as a favourable method together--or independently--with pharmacological treatment.

[Prevention of retinal detachment. I. Cryopexy before cataract extraction. Preliminary report]. / Profilaktyka odwarstwienia siatkówki. I. Kriopeksja przed operacja zacmy. Doniesienie wstepne.

The authors discuss the results of cryopexy applied prophylactically in 32 eyes. The freezing was executed at least 6 weeks before the cataract extraction in eyes endangered by retinal detachment. This were the high myopia eyes, so called fellow eyes and eyes in persons aged between 30 and 40 years. Retinal detachment did not occur in either of the observed eyes in the period of 1-5 years.

[Laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma. Personal experience]. / Trabekuloplastyka laserowa w jaskrze otwartego kata. Doswiadczenia wlasne.

Twenty one patients (26 eyes) who were subjected to laser trabeculoplasty in the 360 degrees range were observed. Normalization of the intraocular pressure was obtained in 76.9 p.c. of cases. The outflow coefficient (C) increased after trabeculoplasty in 57.6 p.c. of cases. The analysis of results suggests that the trabeculoplasty surgery is less effective in young persons below 40 years of age and in cases with a very low outflow coefficient.

[Evaluation of the visual system in people having extended contact with fluorine]. / Ocena ukladu wzrokowego u ludzi z dlugotrwalym kontaktem z fluorem.

Presented are the results of examination of 75 men, workers of the Chemical Works in Police, in whom in the scheme of complex clinical examinations detailed ophthalmological examinations have been carried out. The period of a professional contact with fluor amounted 6-15 years. The examined persons showed a variety of changes; the most important were opacities of the lens capsule, attenuation of the retinal arteries and a pathological record of the ERG.

A model of experimental atherosclerosis in pigs. Part III. Electroretinography and the diameter of retinal vessels.

Domestic pigs were fed with high lipid diet (HLD) for 24 weeks. Electroretinographic studies and the measurement of the diameter of retinal arterioles were investigated before and after the administration of HLD. The most significant change produced by HLD was negativization of electroretinogram. At the same time the diameter of retinal arterioles was significantly decreased.