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1.
Bioresour Technol ; 394: 130173, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38096998

RESUMEN

Two thermochemical valorization schemes were investigated for co-upgrading dry and wet agricultural wastes through integrated hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis. In the first pathway, dry and wet wastes were co-carbonized. The resulting hydrochar was pyrolyzed to yield an energy dense biochar (26-32 MJ/kg) high in fixed carbon (41-86 wt%) and low in volatile matter (6-12 wt%). The resulting bio-oil was lower in carboxylic acids and higher in phenols than predicted based on an additive scheme. In pathway two, wet waste (only) underwent HTC and the resulting hydrochar was mixed with dry waste and the mixture pyrolyzed. This pathway showed a lower biochar yield (32-67 wt%) and lower HHV values (24-31 MJ/kg) but higher fixed carbon content (65-84 wt%). The bio-oil contained more carboxylic acids than pathway 1 bio-oil. Pathway 1 biochars were more thermally reactive than pathway 2 biochars, reflecting a synergistic deoxygenation that occurs when incorporating dry waste in HTC prior to pyrolysis.


Asunto(s)
Carbono , Carbón Orgánico , Residuos Industriales , Aceites de Plantas , Polifenoles , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Temperatura
2.
Bioresour Technol ; 372: 128649, 2023 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36682477

RESUMEN

Agro-industrial wastes can be thermochemically converted to sustainable fuels and upcycled carbon products. However, processing such feedstocks through pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) alone yields fuels that require significant downstream upgrading. In this work, apple pomace was treated via a cascaded HTC-pyrolysis process using inexpensive and abundant clay catalysts, montmorillonite and attapulgite. Clays were added pre-HTC to raw biomass or to hydrochar pre-pyrolysis to examine the effect of addition as a function of process insertion point. Both clays produce similar bio-oils when they are added at the same process point. However, bio-oil was affected by the point in which clay was added to the process (before or after HTC). When clay was added pre-HTC, the bio-oil had an average hydrocarbon content twice that when clay was added to the hydrochar after HTC, prior to pyrolysis.


Asunto(s)
Residuos Industriales , Pirólisis , Arcilla , Temperatura , Carbono/química
3.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 19216, 2021 09 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34584143

RESUMEN

Global health organizations recommend the use of cloth face coverings to slow the spread of COVID-19. Seemingly overnight, companies whose primary business is in no way related to healthcare or personal protective equipment-from mattresses manufacturers to big box stores-transitioned into the "mask business." Many companies advertise antimicrobial masks containing silver, copper, or other antimicrobials. Often, the techniques used to load such antimicrobials onto mask fibers are undisclosed, and the potential for metal leaching from these masks is yet unknown. We exposed nine so-called "antimicrobial" face masks (and one 100% cotton control mask) to deionized water, laundry detergent, and artificial saliva to quantify the leachable silver and copper that may occur during mask washing and wearing. Leaching varied widely across manufacturer, metal, and leaching solution, but in some cases was as high as 100% of the metals contained in the as-received mask after 1 h of exposure.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19/prevención & control , Máscaras , Equipo de Protección Personal , Antiinfecciosos , Filtración , Humanos , Máscaras/virología , Metales , Equipo de Protección Personal/virología , SARS-CoV-2 , Textiles
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