Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis.

Purpose: (6)-Shogaol is the most prevalent bioactive compound in ginger. The aim of this study was to examine both the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol in an experimental periodontitis model. Materials and methods: Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. In the healthy group (n=5), no intervention was undertaken. In the periodontitis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 14 days. In the prophylaxis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and during this time, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage. In the therapeutic group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and following the removal of the ligature, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were immunohistochemically analyzed. Results: Alveolar bone loss was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups, as well as in the therapeutic group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.001). RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the remaining groups and in the prophylaxis group compared to the therapeutic group (p<0.001). MDA was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups (p<0.001). SOD was significantly lower in the periodontitis group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.039 and p=0.042, respectively). GP was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.031 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: The administration of (6)-shogaol modulated the RANKL/OPG balance and antioxidant status in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.

Evaluation of the Quality of Peri-implantitis Videos on YouTube.

Although many studies have evaluated the quality of YouTube videos related to dentistry, just one study has evaluated the quality of YouTube videos related to peri-implantitis. The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate the quality of peri-implantitis-related YouTube videos. Two periodontists evaluated 47 videos that met the inclusion criteria, such as the country of upload, source of videos, number of views, likes and dislikes, viewing rate, interaction index, number of days since upload, duration of the video, usefulness score, global quality scale score, and comments. Peri-implantitis was evaluated using a 7-question system of the videos, 44.7% and 55.3% were uploaded by commercial companies and health care professionals, respectively. Although the usefulness score of the videos uploaded by health care professionals was statistically significantly higher ( P =0.022), the number of views, numbers of likes and dislikes were similar between the groups ( P >0.050). Although the usefulness score and global quality scale score of the perfect videos were statistically different between the groups ( P <0.001; P <0.001, respectively), the number of views, numbers of likes, and dislikes were similar. A strong positive correlation was found between the number of views and the number of likes ( P ˂0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between the interaction index and the number of days since upload ( P ˂0.001). As a result, YouTube videos on peri-implantitis were limited in number and had poor quality. Thus, videos of perfect quality should be uploaded.

The effect of SARS-CoV-2 effective mouthwashes on the staining, translucency and surface roughness of a nanofill resin composite.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of SARS CoV-2 effective mouthwashes on the color change (ΔE), translucency parameter (TP) and average surface roughness (Ra) of a nanofill resin composite (Filtek Ultimate). METHODS: 91 composite specimens (10 mm in diameter, 1 mm thickness) were prepared using a stainless-steel mold and randomly divided to seven groups as follows: Group 1 (CHX) : 0.12% CHX digluconate + 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride (96% alcohol), Group 2 (HAc): hypochlorous acid (500 ppm), Group 3 (PVP-I) : 1% povidone iodine, Group 4 (H2O2) : 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, Group 5 (CHX + C) : 0.09% chlorhexidine digluconate + cyclodextrin + citrox, Group 6 (CPC) : 0.075% cetylpyridinium hydrochloride, Group 7 (Control) : artificial saliva. The initial color values were determined by a spectrophotometer on both white and black backgrounds. The specimens were immersed in 20 mL mouthwash for 1 minute with a 12-hour interval. The Ra, ΔE and TP were determined after 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Bonferroni and Tukey tests (P< 0.05). RESULTS: The highest and the lowest ΔE3 (after 3 weeks) value were observed in H2O2 (1.57± 0.29) and CHX (0.92± 0.17) groups, respectively. The CHX and CPC groups demonstrated significantly lower ΔE3 values than the control group (P< 0.05). CHX, HAc and PVP-I significantly affected the TP (P< 0.05). None of the groups demonstrated any significant changes of Ra scores (P> 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Within the limitations of this study some of the mouthwashes affected the ΔE and TP of the Filtek Ultimate nanofill resin composite. The Ra was not affected by any of the mouthwashes.

The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid periostin levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) periostin levels in patients with gingivitis (G) and periodontitis (P). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 90 subjects, 30 patients with P, 30 with G, and 30 periodontally healthy (H) subjects were included. Patients with periodontal disease received non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF periostin levels were assessed at baseline, at the 6th week, and the 3rd month after treatment. RESULTS: It was found that GCF periostin level was the lowest in the H group (89.31[47.12] pg/30 sec), followed by the G group (132.82[145.14] pg/30 sec), and the highest in the P group (207.75[189.45] pg/30 sec). These differences were statistically significant between H and the other groups (p < .001). After treatment, GCF periostin levels significantly decreased at the 6th week and the 3rd month in the G group, at the 3rd month in the P group compared to baseline values (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that GCF periostin plays a role as a reliable biological marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and non-surgical periodontal treatment is effective in decreasing GCF periostin levels.

The effect of the systemic folic acid intake as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

AIM: To evaluate clinical and biochemical effects of adjunctive systemic folic acid (FA) intake with scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty periodontitis subjects (30 per group) were randomly assigned into study groups and treated with either SRP + placebo (SRP + P) or SRP + folic acid (SRP + F). In addition to clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL] and gingival recession [GR]), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained at baseline and post-treatment (PT) periods (one (PT-1), three (PT-3) and six (PT-6) months) for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) evaluation. RESULTS: Significant time-dependent reduction was detected at all clinical parameters for both groups (p < .001). Compared to SRP + P, CAL was lower in SRP + F at PT-1 (p = .004) and PT-3 (p = .035), whereas GR was lower at only PT-1 (p = .015). GCF volume and CRP did not show inter-group differences, whereas Hcy was higher in SRP + F at PT-3 (p = .044) and PT-6 (p = .041). GCF volume and Hcy showed reduction after treatment in both groups (p < .001). CONCLUSION: Both modalities exhibited clinical improvement and change in biochemical parameters. Adjunctive systemic FA intake may be recommended adjunctive to periodontitis treatment to reveal better outcomes. However, its impact mechanisms should be further enlightened.

The effect of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 level following initial periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of smoking on peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP) following initial periodontal therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients with CP (20 smokers (S + CP) and 20 non-smokers (S-CP)) and 40 subjects with healthy periodontium (20 smokers (S + PH) and 20 non-smokers (S-PH)), comprising 80 subjects, were included in this study. Baseline GCF samples were obtained from all subjects, and clinical periodontal measurements were recorded. In patients who had received initial periodontal therapy, GCF samples were obtained and all clinical periodontal measurements were recorded again during the 6th-8th weeks. GCF PGRP-1 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At baseline, GCF PGRP-1 levels were significantly higher in both groups with CP than in both groups with healthy periodontium, whereas these levels were significantly lower in S + CP than in S-CP. GCF PGRP-1 levels decreased significantly in both CP groups after periodontal therapy, and this reduction was significantly greater in non-smokers than in smokers. CONCLUSION: Smoking might have a suppressive effect on GCF PGRP-1 levels in CP. Initial periodontal therapy is effective in decreasing GCF PGRP-1 levels in both smokers and non-smokers with CP.

Evaluation of FGF-23 and 25(OH)D3 levels in peri-implant sulcus fluid in peri-implant health and diseases.

BACKGROUND: There are limited studies to date investigating vitamin D and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 in different peri-implant conditions. PURPOSE: To evaluate the peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) FGF-23 and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 ) levels in peri-implant health and diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 dental implant sites (peri-implant healthy group [n = 30], peri-implant mucositis group [n = 30], and peri-implantitis group [n = 30]) in 53 participants were included in the study. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), suppuration (S), modified plaque index (mPI), gingival index (GI), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), and keratinized mucosa width (KMW) were recorded as clinical parameters, and PISF samples were obtained. FGF-23 and 25(OH)D3 levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in FGF-23 concentrations among the groups (P > .05). The 25(OH)D3 concentration was significantly lower in peri-implantitis group compared with the other two groups (P < .05). The mean total amount of FGF-23 in the peri-implantitis group was significantly higher than the peri-implant healthy group whereas 25(OH)D3 total amount was significantly lower in the peri-implantitis group than the peri-implant healthy group. The 25(OH)D3 concentration was significantly negatively correlated with CAL, PD, mPI, S, GI, and mSBI and statistically significant relationship was found between FGF-23 total amount and these clinical parameters (P < .05). There was a negligible positive correlation between 25(OH)D3 and FGF-23 concentrations (τ = 0.169; P = .018). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that FGF-23 and vitamin D seems to affect peri-implant bone health, and further studies are needed to explain the association between FGF-23 and 25(OH)D3 in peri-implant conditions.

Salivary LL-37 and periodontal health in children exposed to passive smoking.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the local defence of oral cavity. Cigarette smoke has detrimental effects on immune defence mechanisms. The effect of passive smoking on salivary LL-37, as an antimicrobial peptide, in children has not yet been reported. AIM: The aims of this study were to evaluate salivary LL-37 levels in PS-exposed and PS-unexposed children and to investigate the association between salivary LL-37 levels and periodontal clinical parameters. DESIGN: Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 180 children (90 PS-exposed [38 girls and 52 boys; mean age: 9.36 ± 1.60 years] and 90 PS-unexposed [43 girls and 47 boys; mean age: 9.02 ± 1.71 years]) in this study. Periodontal clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded in all children. Salivary cotinine and LL-37 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: PI and GI values in PS-exposed children were significantly higher than those in PS-unexposed children. The mean salivary cotinine concentration was significantly higher in PS-exposed children than in control subjects. The mean salivary LL-37 concentration of PS-exposed children was significantly lower (100.71 ± 72.14 pg/mL) than that of PS-unexposed children (151.84 ± 107.89 pg/mL). CONCLUSION: Passive smoking could suppress salivary LL-37 concentrations in children.