Comparison between resonant Lalpha emission spectra and resonant LMM Auger spectra of yttrium compounds.

Resonant Lalpha x-ray emission spectra (RXES) and resonant LMM Auger emission spectra (RAES) of Yttrium compounds were measured across YL(III) absorption threshold. When the incident photon energy is bellow the absorption threshold, only Raman scattering component is commonly observed in both spectra. Above the absorption threshold, Raman and normal Lalpha (or normal LMM Auger) emission peaks are observed in insulator samples. These spectral features are almost same in both RXES and RAES processes, except for the relative intensity ratio between these Raman peaks and normal Lalpha (or normal LMM Auger) emission peaks. Comparing these two spectra, useful information about the deexcitation of core hole can be obtained.

[Diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction using diffusion-weighted imaging by low field (0.2 T) magnetic resonance image].

The purpose of this study is to confirm the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction on diffusion-weighted imaging using low field (0.2 T) magnetic resonance image(MRI). Acute cerebral infarctions in 51 patients were examined on diffusion-weighted imaging using low field MRI within 48 hours after clinical symptoms. Diffusion-weighted imaging was examined using line scan method. Twenty-four cases were cortical infarction, and twenty-two cases were perforating infarction. In five cases out of 51 cases, ischemic regions were not detected as abnormal high signal intensity area on diffusion-weighted imaging. Four cases of no abnormal detection were transient ischemic attack, and the other one was a perforating infarction. The earliest detection time in cortical infarction cases was 1 hour and 20 minutes. On the other hand, the earliest detection time in perforating infarction cases was 3 hours. Detective ability for acute cerebral infarction on diffusion-weighted imaging by low field MRI was depending on both size and lesion of infarction. That is to say, either small size or brain stem infarction was hard to detect. Thin slice and vertical slice examination for the infarction may improve to diagnose in low field MRI. Our conclusion is acute cerebral infarction was able to be diagnosed on diffusion-weighted imaging by low field as well as high field MRI.

[Clinical and laboratory evaluations of ceftazidime in perinatal use. A study of ceftazidime in the perinatal co-research group].

Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime (CAZ) in women during the perinatal period and their neonates were evaluated by a perinatal co-research group, and the results obtained were summarized as follows. Following an intravenous bolus injection or a drip infusion of CAZ from 1 g to 2 g, CAZ was transferred to maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid rapidly and effectively. In 31 cases of perinatal infections, clinical efficacy was excellent in 10 cases, good in 18 and poor in 3, with an efficacy rate of 90.3%. In 85 cases given CAZ for prophylaxis of infections accompanying premature rupture of the membrane or following cesarean section, prophylactic effects were noted in 81 cases (efficacy rate: 95.3%). Neither adverse effects, nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in any case. Also, no abnormalities in total serum bilirubin were observed in any neonates. From the above results, CAZ is considered to be a safe and useful drug for infections in women in perinatal period, usually in a unit dose of 1 g twice daily, or if necessary, 2 g twice daily.

[How to determine the prophylactic effect on postoperative infections].

With the cooperation of 13 medical institutions in the Tokyo area, the methods to determine the prophylactic effect on postoperative infections in gynecological surgery were evaluated. Two hundred and ninety-nine patients were enrolled for the study of postoperative infections, febrile morbidity and fever index following abdominal (275) and vaginal (24) hysterectomies. Prophylactic cefotiam (CTM) of 1 gram was intravenously administered twice a day postoperatively for 3 to 5 days. The rates of postoperative infections were 5.1% (14/275) in abdominal hysterectomy and 4.2% (1/24) in vaginal hysterectomy. The febrile morbidity (57.1% = 8/14) and fever index (52.3 +/- 41.1 degree hours) in the infection group were approximately about 4 times higher than those (12.3% = 32/261, and 15.6 +/- 13.7 degree hours, respectively) in the non-infection group. No significant differences were observed in age, body weight, height of patients, period of operation and blood loss between these 2 groups. These data suggested that febrile morbidity and fever index were able to indicate the prophylactic effect of antibiotics on patients undergoing abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies.

[Clinical application of latamoxef during the perinatal period].

Latamoxef (LMOX), a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic developed by Shionogi Research Laboratory, was evaluated basically and clinically in the perinatal period. In basal study, concentrations of LMOX on maternal serum, umbilical card serum and amniotic fluid were measured by intravenous injection method, and that's placental transferences were relatively favorable. The ratios of umbilical cord serum to maternal serum were 1/3--1/5 at early state after administration, 5--20 minutes, 2/3 at 1.5--1.75 hours. Umbilical serum concentrations were higher than maternal serum concentrations after about 2.5 hours of administration. In 1 case, transferences into tissues of uterus and placenta were studied, that's values were 13.4 and 13.0 micrograms/g at 1.75 hours after administration, respectively. In clinical application, LMOX was administered to 4 cases (intrauterine infection 1 case, urinary tract infection 3 cases) at dose of 2.0 g twice a day by intravenous drip infusion, intravenous injection and intramuscular injection method. Excellent and good clinical response was observed in all 4 cases, and bacteriological response to causative organisms was satisfactory in 3 cases except S. faecalis of mixed infection case. No side effect or abnormal laboratory values were noticed in the all cases.

[Laboratory and clinical studies on latamoxef in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

Latamoxef (LMOX) is a new antibiotic synthesized by Shionogi Research Laboratory. Chemically LMOX is especially unique with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the 1 position of the conventional cephalosporin nucleus, and in addition, this antibiotic has a cephamycin-like structure. The antibacterial activity of LMOX shows high potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but tends to be weak against Gram-positive bacteria. The tissue levels of LMOX in humans after intravenous injection of 1 g were examined. The levels in uterine and adnexa uteri tissue at 1 hour after administration were 25.4 and 27.4 micrograms/g respectively. LMOX was administered to 147 cases in infections of obstetric and gynecological field. The clinical effect according to disease was 94.6% for intrauterine infections, 95.0% for adnexitis, 87.0% intrapelvic infections, and 100% for external genital organ infections, making a total of 92.5%. The rate of occurrence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings was similar to or slightly less than that seen with other beta-lactam antibiotics.