Mean comparisons of trauma symptoms between a reproductive trauma sample and a normative sample: Toward a trauma-informed practice.

OBJECTIVE: Traditionally, adverse reproductive experiences have been described as stressful events for the individuals who experience them. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that the term "stress" minimizes this experience, and adverse reproductive experiences should be reconceptualized as reproductive trauma. Currently, there are few ways that clinicians have agreed are valid pathways to measure trauma symptoms within this population. The purpose of this study was to examine comparisons between a sample of individuals who have experienced reproductive trauma to a normative sample utilizing the Posttraumatic Checklist for the DSM-V (PCL-V). METHOD: This study utilized a descriptive observational design. Participants indicated what form of adverse reproductive events they had experienced (with options including infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth, complicated pregnancy, and distress during delivery), and then completed the PCL-V regarding their experience with this event. These data were compared with a PCL-V normative sample using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) models. RESULTS: Significant mean differences between the reproductive trauma groups and the normative group were found for at least one subscale (intrusion, avoidance, arousal, or changes in mood and cognition) for the infertility group, multiple miscarriages, stillbirth, complicated pregnancy, premature birth, and distress during delivery. Premature birth, distress during pregnancy, and stillbirth groups also noted total trauma scores significantly higher than the normative group. CONCLUSIONS: Results validate the use of the term reproductive trauma, despite constraints presented by Criteria A of PTSD in the DSM-V. Results also present indications for clinical treatment and diagnosis for psychologists and health professionals working with this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Core belief challenge, rumination, and posttraumatic growth in women following pregnancy loss.

OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy loss is thought to impact women's perceptions of the world around them. Despite the growing recognition that this loss can have a differential impact on an individual's mental health, research focused on women's positive psychological change and factors contributing to it following pregnancy loss is scarce. This study explored relationships among core belief challenge, rumination, and women's experience of posttraumatic growth following miscarriage or stillbirth. Specifically, this study investigated whether deliberate rumination mediated the relationship between core belief challenge and posttraumatic growth. METHOD: Women who had experienced miscarriage or stillbirth (n = 476) were recruited via social media and completed an online survey that assessed core belief challenge, event-related rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Loss context factors and demographics were also collected. Hypotheses were tested via hierarchical multiple regression and the PROCESS macro. RESULTS: Change in beliefs about the world and rumination predicted posttraumatic growth. Moreover, deliberate, but not intrusive, rumination mediated the relationship between core belief challenge and posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that core belief challenge and rumination play a significant role in positive posttrauma outcomes related to pregnancy loss. This study contributes to the literature by validating the applicability of posttraumatic growth theory to women who have experienced pregnancy loss. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Testing a mediation framework for the link between perceived discrimination and psychological distress among sexual minority individuals.

Perceived discrimination is a risk factor for mental health problems among sexual minority individuals. An increasing number of research studies have investigated the mechanisms through which stigma-related stressors such as perceived discrimination are linked with adverse mental health outcomes for sexual minority populations. The integrative mediation framework proposed by Hatzenbuehler (2009) underscores the importance of identifying mediators in the association between stigma-related stressors and mental health outcomes. This study tested 3 mediators--expectations of rejection, anger rumination, and self-compassion--in the perceived discrimination-distress link. Moreover, it examined associations among these mediators. A nationwide sample of 265 sexual minorities responded to an online survey. Structural equation modeling results supported the mediator roles of expectations of rejection, anger rumination, and self-compassion. More specifically, perceived discrimination was associated with expectations of rejection, which, in turn, was associated with increased anger rumination and less self-compassion, resulting in greater psychological distress. The findings suggest several avenues for prevention and intervention with sexual minority individuals.

Do measures commonly used in body image research perform adequately with African American college women?

This study examines reliability and validity estimates for 3 widely used measures in body image research in a sample of African American college women (N = 278). Internal consistency estimates were adequate (α coefficients above .70) for all measures, and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was found. Confirmatory factor analyses failed to replicate the hypothesized factor structures of these measures. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that 4 factors found for the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire were similar to the hypothesized subscales, with fewer items. The factors found for the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales and the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 were not similar to the subscales developed by the scale authors. Validity and reliability evidence is discussed for the new factors.

Well-being of individuals with late-deafness.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between disability factors and psychosocial outcomes in a sample of individuals with acquired hearing loss, specifically late-deafness (loss after age 12). METHOD: Participants (N = 277) completed the following measures at a single point in time: the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults, the Reactions to Impairment and Disability Inventory, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Psychological Well-Being scale, and a demographic questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was conducted to determine whether coping style mediated the relationships between disability factors (i.e., age of onset, perceived severity of disability, and perceived adaptation to disability) and psychological well-being. RESULTS: Emotion-focused coping partially mediated the relationships between perceived severity of hearing loss and psychological well-being, and between perceived adaptation to disability and psychological well-being (B = -.36), and problem-focused coping partially mediated the relationship between perceived adaptation to disability and psychological well-being (B = .49). The model was a good fit for these data (comparative fit index and incremental fit index = .94; Tucker-Lewis index = .92; root mean square error of approximation = .09). CONCLUSION: Perceived adaptation to disability and perceived severity of disability acted as direct predictors of psychological well-being, and as indirect predictors through their relationship with coping. Implications for the process of adaptation and counseling for individuals with acquired hearing loss are discussed.

Development and feasibility of an HIV and IPV prevention intervention among low-income mothers receiving services in a Missouri Day Care Center.

This article outlines the development and feasibility of an HIV and IPV prevention intervention. Researchers formed a partnership with a group of women representative of the population that the intervention was intended to reach using methods derived from participatory action research. The use of health protective behaviors changed from pre- to postintervention in the clinically desirable direction. Results indicated that intervention delivery was feasible in the novel setting of a large urban day care center. This intervention has promise as a strategy to reduce HIV among low-income women; however, a controlled study is indicated to further examine intervention efficacy.

The well-being of women who are late deafened.

The main purpose of this study was to examine potential within-group differences in well-being in individuals who experienced postlingual, late deafness between the ages of 13 and 65 years old. Two related issues were also examined: (a) the psychometric qualities of 2 popular measures of well-being when used with this sample and (b) the well-being of individuals who are late deafened compared to normative data on well-being. A sample of 138 women who were late deafened completed an online survey. The results indicated internal consistency and validity (convergent and partial discriminant) of the 2 well-being measures with this sample. Well-being in this sample was significantly lower than that in samples from the general population. Investigation of within-group differences indicated that individuals from lower socioeconomic groups reported lower levels of well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en mujeres: evaluación y cuestiones del autoinforme transcultural / No disponible

En primer lugar, este artículo revisa dos cuestiones importantes relativas a la validación transcultural de los inventarios de autoinforme de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. A continuación, se revisan tres inventarios sobre trastornos alimentarios: 1) el “Test de actitudes alimentarias” (Eating Attitudes Test, Garner y Garfinkel, 1979; Garner, Olmstead, Bohr y Garfinkel, 1982); 2) el “Inventario de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria” (Eating Disorder Inventory; Garner, Olmstead y Polivy, 1983; Garner, 1991); y 3) el “Cuestionario para el diagnóstico de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria” (Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis; Mintz, O’Halloran, Mulholland ySchneider, 1997). Cada revisión incluye una descripción general, información sobre disponibilidad, un resumen de evaluaciones psicométricas de la versión en inglés y de las versiones traducidas, y recomendaciones en cuanto a investigaciones y usos clínicos. También se incluyen breves sinopsis de otros inventarios no revisados así como de entrevistas clínicas estructuradas (AU)

No disponible