Work experience was associated with the knowledge and practice of catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention among nurses at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2021.

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the source of about 20% of episodes of health-care acquired infections in acute care facilities and it is over 50% in long-term care facilities. In Ethiopia, there is no published scientific research regarding knowledge and practice of nurses on catheter-associated urinary tract infections prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, practice and associated factors of CAUTI prevention among nurses working at university of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital from April 01 to May 01, 2021 among 423 nurses. Simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected by using self-administered questionnaire then coded and entered into EPI- Data version 4.6 and then exported to SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was computed, and the result was summarized by texts, tables, and charts. All variables with P-value < 0.25 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariable regression analysis. The degree of association was interpreted by using the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Good knowledge and practice of nurses towards CAUTI prevention was 37.7% and 51.8% respectively. Good knowledge was associated with sex [AOR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.09, 3.11)], work experience [AOR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.09, 5.10)], working unit [AOR = 6.9, 95% CI (2.11, 22.52)], training [AOR = 2.33, 95% CI (1.17, 4.65)] and had guideline [AOR = 2.78, 95% CI (1.59, 4.88)]. Good practice was associated with sex, work experience, attitude and knowledge towards CAUTI prevention [AOR = 2.19, 95% CI (1.23, 3.88)], [AOR = 5.44, 95% CI (1.66, 17.84)], [AOR = 3.06, 95% CI (1.65, 5.67)], and [AOR = 5.28, 95% CI (2.86, 9.76)] respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one-third of nurses had good knowledge and more than half of nurses had good practice towards CAUTI prevention. Sex, work experience, work unit, presence of guideline, and training were significantly associated with knowledge. Sex, work experience, good attitude and, knowledge were associated with practice of nurses towards CAUTI prevention. The knowledge and practice towards catheter associated urinary tract infection prevention among nurses should be increased, so that the patients could enjoy and maintain the healthy lifestyle.

Clinical anastomosis leakage and associated factors among patients who had intestinal anastomosis in northwest referral hospitals, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Clinical anastomosis leakage leads to increased hospital costs, lengths of stay, readmissions, reoperations, and death. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clinical anastomotic leakage and associated factors among patients who had intestinal anastomosis in Northwest referral Hospitals, Ethiopia. METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among 411 randomly selected patients. The patient's medical records from February 2017 to February 2020 were used. The date range during which patients' medical records were extracted was from March 1 to June 2020. Patient medical record charts and data extraction sheets were used to collect the data. Data was entered into EPI-DATA version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. P-value of less than 0.05 and odds ratio with 95% CI were used to declare the presence of association. RESULTS: The response rate of the study was 99.8%. Of 411 patients, 38 (9.2%) patients developed clinical anastomotic leakage. Age group 0-10 years (AOR = 6.85 95% CI: 1.742-26.97), emergency presentation (AOR = 3.196 95% CI: 1.132-9.025), and pre-operative comorbid disease (AOR = 7.62 95% CI: 2.804-20.68) were significantly associated with anastomotic leak. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical anastomotic leakage is higher than the expected rate (4.9%-7.2%). Age, emergency presentation, and comorbidities were associated with clinical anastomotic leak. Hence, attention to early identification of risk factors and providing optimal pre-operative, operative, and post-operative care is necessary.

Working environment of nurses in public referral hospitals of West Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021.

BACKGROUND: Healthy working environment for nurses is a foundation for promoting patients' and nurses' safety in hospitals. However, in Ethiopia, there is scarcity of data on this issue. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the working environment of nurses in Public Referral Hospitals in Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 nurses from January to February 2021. Systematic random sampling was used to select nurses from each hospital. Structured, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. EPI- DATA and SPSS were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Frequency, percentages, and means were calculated. Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index tool was used to measure the outcome variable. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify associated factors. Finally, texts, tables and graphs were used to report findings. RESULTS: The response rate for the study was 96.2%. Around 210 (51.6%) of the study participants were male. One hundred eighty eight (46.2%) nurses reported that their working environment was healthy, while 219 (53.8%,) reported it as not healthy. Nurses who were working in pediatrics wards (AOR = 0.13, 0.02, 0.1) and nurses who gave care for 7-12 patients per day (AOR = 0.21, 0.05, 0.98) were less likely to have a healthy working environment, respectively. Nurses who reported the Ministry of Health to give focus to the nursing profession were 73% more likely to have a healthy work environment (AOR = 0.27; 0.09, .82). CONCLUSION: and recommendations. More than half of nurses reported that their working environment was not healthy to appropriate practice. Hence, introducing systems to improve participation of nurses in hospital affairs and patient care is essential. It is also important to give attention to nurses who are working at pediatrics wards, and for nurses who give care more than the standards.

Incidence and Associated Factors of Failed First Peripheral Intravenous Catheters among Adult Patients at Medical Surgical Wards in Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara, Ethiopia, 2021.

BACKGROUND: Complications of peripheral intravenous catheters cause problems in clinical practice and bring high costs in terms of morbidity and mortality of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of failed first peripheral intravenous catheters among adult patients in selected Public Referral Hospitals of West Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution-based prospective observational study was conducted among 423 adult patients from January to February 2021. Patients were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. The data were collected using interviewer-based, structured questionnaires and observational checklists. EPI-DATA 3.1 and SPSS version-23 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Frequency, percentages, and means were calculated. The outcome variable was determined and graded based on phlebitis and infiltration scales. Binary and multivariable logistics regressions were computed. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventeen first peripheral cannula sites from 418 patients were followed for 2,565 peripheral catheter hours. A failed first peripheral intravenous catheter was observed in 124 (29.7%, CI: 25.6-34) adult patients. Patients who were female (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.22-0.74) had cannula duration of 49-72 hours (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.7) and 73-96 hours (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.9), and patients who had been given electrolytes (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.86) were more likely to have failed first peripheral intravenous cannula. CONCLUSIONS: Failed first peripheral intravenous cannula is much higher as compared to the acceptable rate of ≤5% by the Infusion Nurses Society. Hence, all patients with peripheral intravenous catheters are screened for catheter failure at least once a day. Providing appropriate nursing care and patient education is also required to reduce the risks.

Determinants of undernutrition among private and public primary school children: A comparative cross-sectional study toward nutritional transition in northwest Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVES: Undernutrition is a major public health concern, particularly in children. The burden is higher in developing countries. Undernutrition is considered when there is one or more of the following: stunting, underweight, or wasting. Childhood undernutrition can have numerous long-term effects: a lower physical capacity for work, lower intellectual quotients, greater risk for morbidity and mortality, and cognitive impairment. Undernourished children also can have poor cognitive scores, a high absenteeism rate, and high class repetition compared with non-undernourished children. The aim of this study was to assess undernutrition and its associated factors among public and private primary school children in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 5 to April 9, 2019. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select study participants. A simple random (lottery) sampling method was used to select seven public schools and five private schools. Systematic random sampling was used to select 774 study participants. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with undernutrition. The World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used to determine the status of undernutrition. Participants with a Z-score less than -2 were considered to be undernourished. Statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05 and odds ratios (ORs) were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of undernutrition was higher among public school children (37.1%) than those attending private schools (28.3%). Not having family car (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.84), snack frequency no more than twice a day (aOR, 5.29; 95% CI, 1.37-20.37), and vigorous intensity sports (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91) were significantly associated with undernutrition among public primary school students. Family income below the median (aOR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.23-3.53), no preference for sweets (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.97), and not habits while reading (aOR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.89) were the factors significantly associated with undernutrition among private primary school students. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of undernutrition was high. Children in public schools were highly vulnerable to undernutrition compared with those in private schools. Not having a family car, snack frequency no more than twice daily, and vigorous intensity sports increase the risk for undernutrition among public school children. Family income below the median, not preferring sweets, and not having a habit of eating while reading increase the risk for undernutrition among private school children. It is better to give attention to healthy dietary habits and healthy lifestyles to reduce childhood undernutrition.

Non-exclusive breast feeding and its factors in the first 6-month life of infants among mother-infant pairs of 6-12 months in Debre Tabor town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019: community-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Non-exclusive breastfeeding is becoming a major cause of infant and child morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding and its factors in the first 6 months life of infants among mother-infant pairs of 6-12 months in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. METHODS: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 860 mother-infant pairs of 6-12 months in Debre Tabor Town, from March 1-30/2019. To select study participants cluster sampling technique was employed. Data were entered into EPI info version 7.2.0.1 and exported to SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. The odds' ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed. RESULTS: The prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding of mothers to their infants within the first 6 months was found to be 39.8% (95% CI: 36.6-43.0). Mothers whose husbands had no formal education [(Adjusted odds ratio AOR = 6.60 [95%CI: 4.14, 10.41)], primary education (AOR = 4.30 [95% CI: 2.62, 7.20]), Mothers governmental employed (AOR = 8.20 [95% CI: 5.191, 12.940]), daily laborer (AOR = 1.70 [95% CI: 1.01, 2.90]), merchant mothers (AOR = 0.44 [95% CI: 0.35, 0.90]), and Mothers who had no post-natal care follow up for current baby in health service (AOR = 2.40 [95% CI: 1.56, 3.76]) were significantly associated with outcome. CONCLUSION: and Recommendations: High proportion of mothers practiced Early Initiation of Complementary feeding within the first 6 months. Husbands had no formal education, primary education maternal governmental employed, daily laborer, merchant, and mothers who had no post-natal follow up where were found to be a predictors variable. Hence,; it is better to increase annual leave for delivered mothers, improve awareness of husbands towards benefits of introducing complementary feeding timely, and advise mothers to improve post-natal period follow up.

Overnutrition and Associated Factors: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study between Government and Private Primary School Students in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Childhood overnutrition is a public health problem in low- and middle-income countries because its effect is likely to progress into adulthood that results in developing noncommunicable diseases at a younger age. There is no such previous comparative study that investigated this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of overnutrition among government and private primary school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: Institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from March 5 to April 9, 2019. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 736 participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interview. Data was entered into EPI-info version 7.2.1.0 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were carried out to identify associated factors with overnutrition. Statistical significance was declared using p value< 0.05. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overnutrition was 9.1%. The prevalence was higher among private schools (51 (14%)) than government (16 (4.3%)). Eating habit while watching television (AOR = 4.08, 95%CI: 1.10-15.16) and not having close friend (AOR = 3.72, 95%: CI: 1.21-2 11.48) were significantly associated with overnutrition in the government schools, while no father education (AOR = 2.59, 95%:CI:1.05-6.39), sweet food preference (AOR = 2.86, 95%:1.19-6.87), fat consumption more than three days per week (AOR = 3.79, 95%CI:1.61-8.91), eating habit while reading (AOR = 4.95, 95%CI:2.29-10.70), and vigorous-intensity sports (AOR = 2.23, 95%:1.02-4.86) were associated with overnutrition in private schools. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of overnutrition was higher among private than government schools. Hence, it requires attention through creating awareness about healthy diet, healthy lifestyle, and physical activity in collaboration with health and education sectors.

Recovery rate and determinants of severe acute malnutrition children treatment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute malnutrition affects more than 20 million children. Africa is pointed out as a region where the problem is highly prevalent. There were individual studies on the recovery rate and its determinants among children with severe acute malnutrition in Ethiopia. But, there is no national pooled estimate. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the recovery rate and determinants among children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to the therapeutic feeding unit in Ethiopia. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed in this study. Studies were accessed through electronic web-based search from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EMBASE. The statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version-11 software. The pooled prevalence was estimated with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. RESULT: A total of 12 studies were included with 2658 participants in the analysis. The overall pooled estimated recovery rate among children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to the inpatient therapeutic feeding unit in Ethiopia was 72.02 % (CI, 64.83, 79.22%). In the subgroup analysis, the highest estimate (80.29%) was observed in studies conducted in Oromia regional state, while 68.63% was observed in studies Southern Nation Nationality of people region 68.63%. Children who had no congestive heart failure were 4.88 times (OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 2.246, 10.586) more likely to recover than their counterparts. CONCLUSION: The recovery rate among severe acute malnourished children on the therapeutic feeding unit in Ethiopia lied within the international minimum sphere. Hence, health care providers shall strengthen the management of severe acute malnutrition and management other co-morbidities like congestive heart failure. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42019119124.

Knowledge, attitude, practices and their associated factors towards diabetes mellitus among non diabetes community members of Bale Zone administrative towns, South East Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes kills more than 4.9 million adults per year. It becomes rapidly increasing, non-communicable disease-a major threat to global public health particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though previous studies among diabetic patients were focused in health institution, limited knowledge, attitude and practice were seen. There is no study conducted about diabetes related to knowledge, attitudes, practice and associated factors in the community level. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The study assessed knowledge, attitude, practices, and its associated factors towards diabetes mellitus among non diabetic community members of Bale Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 15 to December 15, 2015 among 605 non diabetic community members of Bale Zone administrative towns. Data was collected using pretested structured face-to-face interview after taking informed written consent. Respondents were selected by systematic random sampling. The data was entered into EPI data version 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences version 20. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to indicate the independent predictors of knowledge, attitude and practice. RESULT: Response rate of the study was 98.2%. About 52.5% of participants were knowledgeable, 55.9% and 56.6% had good attitude and practice respectively. Earning average monthly family income of ≤500 Ethiopian birr (AOR = 0.4, CI = 0.2, 0.6) and 501-1000 (AOR = 0.4, CI = 0.2, 0.7), heard about diabetes (AOR = 4.4, CI = 1.9, 10.2), had diabetes health education exposure (AOR = 5, CI = 2.5, 9.7) resulted to have good diabetes knowledge. Student, (AOR = 5.1, CI = 2.1,12), government/private employee (AOR = 3,CI = 1.4,6.7), merchant (AOR = 2,CI = 1.1,3.6) and Knowledgeable (AOR = 3, CI = 2.1, 4.7) subjects had positive attitude towards diabetes. Having college and above educational level (AOR = 0.33, CI = 0.16, 0.7), having good attitude towards diabetes (AOR = 2, CI = 1.3, 3) had good practiced. CONCLUSION: Considerable limited knowledge, attitude and practices were seen. A great emphasis on health education regarding symptoms and risk factors modification for diabetes are necessary.

Perceived Nurse-Physician Communication in Patient Care and Associated Factors in Public Hospitals of Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Nurse-physician communication has been shown to have a significant impact on the job satisfaction and retention of staff. In areas where it has been studied, communication failure between nurses and physicians was found to be one of the leading causes of preventable patient injuries, complications, death and medical malpractice claims. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine perception of nurses and physicians towards nurse-physician communication in patient care and associated factors in public hospitals of Jimma zone, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: Institution based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 10 to April 16, 2014 among 341 nurses and 168 physicians working in public hospitals in Jimma zone. Data was collected using a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire; entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 for analysis. Factor analysis was carried out. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, linear regression and one way analysis of variance were used. Variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The response rate of the study was 91.55%. The mean perceived nurse-physician communication scores were 50.88±19.7% for perceived professional respect and satisfaction, and 48.52±19.7% for perceived openness and sharing of patient information on nurse-physician communication. Age, salary and organizational factors were statistically significant predictors for perceived respect and satisfaction. Whereas sex, working hospital, work attitude individual factors and organizational factors were significant predictors of perceived openness and sharing of patient information in nurse-physician communication during patient care. CONCLUSION: Perceived level of nurse-physician communication mean score was low among nurses than physicians and it is attention seeking gap. Hence, the finding of our study suggests the need for developing and implementing nurse-physician communication improvement strategies to solve communication mishaps in patient care.