Depression and Physical activity among cardiac patients undergone cardiac events: a correlational study / Depresión y actividad física entre pacientes sometidos a eventos cardiacos: un estudio correlacional / Depressão e atividade física em pacientes submetidos a eventos cardíacos: um estudo correlacional

Objective. To assess prevalence of depression and its relationship with physical activity among individuals who have experienced a cardiac event. Methods. This descriptive study involved 196 cardiac patients receiving treatment at selected cardiac hospitals of Punjab (India). Subjects were chosen using purposive sampling technique. After getting informed written consents from the participants the data was collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results. The results showed that majority (62.2%) of the cardiac patients had moderate clinical depression and 11.2% of patients had severe depression. 86.7% of the patients had low level of physical activity (<600 MET min/week). There was also a significant negative correlation between the depression and physical activity depicting the higher the physical activity, lower was the depression score and vice-versa (p<0.05). Moreover, study results revealed that physical activity was significantly associated with age and educational status; whereas, depression was not associated with selected demographic variables. Conclusion. The current investigation has brought to light that a vast majority of individuals suffering from cardiac issues exhibited signs of moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Additionally, the findings indicate an inverse relationship between depression and physical activity. Consequently, it is crucial for nurses to concentrate on identifying early indicators of depression and physical inactivity so that individualized care plans can be developed to enhance the overall health of cardiac patients.

Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de la depresión y su relación con la actividad física entre las personas con que han presentado un evento cardíaco. Métodos. Este estudio descriptivo involucró a 196 pacientes cardíacos que recibieron tratamiento en hospitales cardíovasculares seleccionados de Punjab (India). Los sujetos fueron elegidos utilizando la técnica de muestreo intencional. Después de obtener los consentimientos informados por escrito de los participantes, los datos se recopilaron utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II). Resultados. La mayoría (62.2%) de los pacientes cardíacos tenían depresión clínica moderada y otro 11.2% tenían depresión severa. El 86.7% de los participantes tenía bajo nivel de actividad física (<600 MET min/semana). Se encontró una correlación negativa significativa entre la depresión y la actividad física, ya que cuanto mayor era la actividad física, menor era la puntuación de depresión y viceversa (p<0.05). Además, los resultados del estudio revelaron que la actividad física se asoció estadísticamente con la edad y el nivel educativo; mientras que no se encontró que la depresión estuviera estadísticamente asociada con variables demográficas seleccionadas. Conclusión. El presente estudio reveló que la mayoría de los pacientes cardíacos tenían síntomas depresivos moderados o severos. Los resultados también mostraron que la depresión y la actividad física estaban inversamente correlacionadas. Por lo tanto, el enfoque en la detección de síntomas tempranos de depresión e inactividad física por parte de los enfermeros es crucial para la formulación de un plan de atención individualizado para promover el bienestar de estos pacientes cardíacos.

Objetivo. Avaliar a prevalência de depressão e sua relação com a atividade física em cardiopatas. Métodos. Este estudo descritivo envolveu 196 pacientes cardíacos recebendo tratamento em hospitais cardíacos selecionados em Punjab, Índia. Os indivíduos foram escolhidos usando a técnica de amostragem intencional. Após obter o consentimento informado por escrito dos participantes, os dados foram coletados por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e do Inventário de Depressão de Beck-II (BDI-II). Resultados. A maioria (62.2%) dos cardiopatas apresentava depressão clínica moderada e outros 11.2% apresentavam depressão grave. 86.7% dos participantes apresentavam baixo nível de atividade física (<600 MET min/semana). Foi encontrada correlação negativa significativa entre depressão e atividade física, pois quanto maior a atividade física, menor o escore de depressão e vice-versa (p<0.05). Além disso, os resultados do estudo revelaram que a atividade física esteve estatisticamente associada à idade e escolaridade; enquanto a depressão não foi estatisticamente associada com variáveis demográficas selecionadas. Conclusão. O presente estudo revelou que a maioria dos cardiopatas apresentava sintomas depressivos moderados ou graves. Os resultados também mostraram que depressão e atividade física foram inversamente correlacionadas. Portanto, o foco na detecção precoce de sintomas de depressão e sedentarismo pelos enfermeiros é crucial para a formulação de um plano de cuidados individualizado para promover o bem-estar desses cardiopatas.

Simultaneously Developing Interventions for Low-/Middle-Income and High-Income Settings: Considerations and Opportunities.

Most older adults reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) but most research dollars spent on interventions to improve the lives of older adults are awarded to researchers in high-income countries (HICs). One approach to improve the implementation of evidence-based innovations for older adults in LMICs is designing interventions that are relevant to LMICs and HICs simultaneously. We propose that researchers in HICs could partner with stakeholders in an LMIC throughout the intervention design process to better position their intervention for the implementation in that LMIC. We provide an example study from an adaptation of the Resources for Enhancing Caregiver Health II in Vietnam, which did not use this strategy but may have benefited from this strategy. We then turn to several considerations that are important for researchers to contemplate when incorporating this strategy. Finally, we explore incentives for creating interventions that are relevant to both HICs and LMICs for funders, intervention designers, and intervention receivers. Although this is not the only strategy to bring interventions to LMICs, it may represent another tool in researchers' toolboxes to help expedite the implementation of efficacious interventions in LMICs.

Depression and Physical activity among cardiac patients undergone cardiac events: a correlational study.

Objective: To assess prevalence of depression and its relationship with physical activity among individuals who have experienced a cardiac event. Methods: This descriptive study involved 196 cardiac patients receiving treatment at selected cardiac hospitals of Punjab (India). Subjects were chosen using purposive sampling technique. After getting informed written consents from the participants the data was collected using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: The results showed that majority (62.2%) of the cardiac patients had moderate clinical depression and 11.2% of patients had severe depression. 86.7% of the patients had low level of physical activity (<600 MET min/week). There was also a significant negative correlation between the depression and physical activity depicting the higher the physical activity, lower was the depression score and vice-versa (p<0.05). Moreover, study results revealed that physical activity was significantly associated with age and educational status; whereas, depression was not associated with selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The current investigation has brought to light that a vast majority of individuals suffering from cardiac issues exhibited signs of moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Additionally, the findings indicate an inverse relationship between depression and physical activity. Consequently, it is crucial for nurses to concentrate on identifying early indicators of depression and physical inactivity so that individualized care plans can be developed to enhance the overall health of cardiac patients.

The Worldwide Prevalence of Nonadherence to Diet and Fluid Restrictions Among Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Nonadherence to diet and fluid restrictions in hemodialysis (HD) patients can lead to undesired health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled prevalence of nonadherence to diet and fluid restrictions in HD patients. METHODS: Research articles from PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar on nonadherence to diet and fluid restrictions in HD patients published between 2000 and 2020 were selected for this study. The methodological quality of each study was graded, and the estimates were pooled using the random-effects model of meta-analysis. Analyses of subgroups and meta-regression were carried out. Egger's test and visual analysis of the symmetry of funnel plots were used to assess the publication bias. RESULTS: Eight hundred sixty-eight potential records were identified during the search. Twenty-three studies that met inclusion criteria were considered for meta-analysis and comprised 11,209 HD patients (mean age 55.85 years ± SD 6.86, men 57.74%). The estimated worldwide prevalence of nonadherence to diet and fluid restrictions was 60.2% (95% CI: 47.3-72.5) and 60.6% (95% CI: 50-70.7), respectively. The meta-regression found that the income category was negatively associated and the risk of bias score was positively associated with the prevalence of nonadherence to fluid restrictions (P < .05). The funnel plot of nonadherence to fluid restrictions revealed asymmetry, and a significant publication bias was also noted as assessed by Egger's test (P = .004). However, the pooled estimate should be interpreted with caution because the prevalence of individual studies varies considerably because of methodological or measurement discrepancies. CONCLUSION: The pooled prevalence of nonadherence to diet (47.3-72.5%) and fluid (50-70.7%) restrictions was substantially high. The health care team must recognize the factors and barriers influencing adherence behavior and develop holistic interventions to improve it.