[Correction of intestinal dysbacteriosis in elderly patients with the use of bifidobacterin introduced by different routes]. / Korrektsiia disbakteriozov kishecknika u pozhilykh bol'nykh s ispol'zovaniem bifidumbakterina pri raznykh sposobakh vvedeniia.

The results of the correction of disturbances in intestinal microflora in elderly patients with the use of bifidumbacterin in the form of powder or suppositories are presented. The effectiveness of the rectal administration of bifidumbacterin (by microinjections through an enema or in suppositories) is shown in comparison with the oral administration of the preparation. The administration of bifidumbacterin in suppositories for 15 days resulted in decreased content of hemolytic Escherichia below the threshold of determination in all examined patients.

A method for estimation of urease activity in gastric mucosa biopsy specimens and Helicobacter pylori cell suspensions.

A method for measuring urease activity in biopsy specimens and Helicobacter pylori cultures from these specimens is proposed. The method is based on measurement (with a portable pH-meter) of the rate of pH changes in a reaction mixture consisting of buffer, substrate (urea), and biopsy specimen or bacterial cells. This method revealed that urease activity of biopsy specimens correlated with that of H. pylori suspension in the same experiment. High urease activity was found in biopsy specimens containing the greatest number of Helicobacter cells; only one of 14 specimens free of H. pylori cells showed no urease activity. Introduction of this method into clinical practice will help to evaluate the contribution of H. pylori to the pathological process.

[The microbiological characteristics of intestinal dysbacteriosis in children and adults in the city of Moscow]. / Mikrobiologicheskaia kharakteristika disbakteriozov kishechnika u detei i vzroslykh v g. Moskve.

The bacteriological analysis of 302 children has revealed that dysbacteriosis with the increased content of hemolytic Escherichia in the intestine develops more frequently in the presence of the deficiency of bifido- and lactobacteria. The development of other kinds of dysbacteriosis with the increased content of different opportunistic enterobacteria, staphylococci, enterococci and fungi, as well as dysbacteriosis with the decreased content of Escherichia, does not practically depend on the deficiency of bifido- and lactobacteria. In patients with the increased content of Escherichia an increase in the content of opportunistic enterobacteria, staphylococci and fungi is observed more frequently than in patients with the low content of Escherichia.

[The antigen-specific activity of a multicomponent vaccine administered orally and subcutaneously]. / Antigenspetsificheskaia aktivnost' polikomponentnoi vaktsiny pri oral'nom i podkozhnom vvedeniiakh.

The antigen-specific activity of polycomponent vaccine VP-4 consisting of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli antigens was studied. The same form of the vaccine was used for both subcutaneous injection and oral administration. The oral administration of the preparation to rabbits and guinea pigs induced a rise in the level of antibodies to all components of the vaccine in their blood sera, the optimum oral doses exceed only 2- to 4-fold the doses used for subcutaneous injection. The form of vaccine VP-4, developed for subcutaneous injection, may be recommended for wider trials with its oral administration.

[Effect of bacterial preparations on the hematopoiesis of irradiated animals]. / Vliianie bakterial'nykh preparatov na gemopoéz obluchennykh zhivotnykh.

It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.

[The protective activity of a multicomponent vaccine made from the antigens of opportunistic microorganisms when administered orally]. / Protektivnaia aktivnost' polikomponentnoi vaktsiny iz antigenov uslovnno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov pri oral'nom vvedenii.

Multicomponent vaccine VP-4, prepared from Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus and Escherichia coli antigens, was tested for protective activity by oral administration to mice with experimental Klebsiella, Proteus and S. pneumoniae infections. Vaccine VP-4, when introduced orally (in 2-3 administrations of 2 mg), was found to produce a protective effect with respect to K. pneumoniae (the effectiveness index was equal to 5.7 and 4.3). With respect to P. vulgaris, the effectiveness index was 2.7 (immunization was made in two oral administrations of 2 mg); in pneumococcal infection preliminary oral immunization with vaccine VP-4 in two administrations in a dose of 2-4 mg produced high protective effect. Thus, immunization with vaccine VP-4, introduced orally in comparatively small doses, proved to be effective in animal models used in the experiment.

[The antigenic activity of vaccines made from opportunistic microorganisms in an experiment to immunize animals by oral and combined methods]. / Izuchenie antigennoi aktivnosti vaktsin iz uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov v éksperimente immunizatsii zhivotnykh oral'nymi i kombinirovannymi metodami.

The results of the study of the antigenic activity of multicomponent vaccine consisting of staphylococcal, Klebsiella, Proteus, Escherichia coli antigens and staphylococcal monovaccine, introduced into rabbits and guinea pigs by different routes, are presented. As shown in this study, the multicomponent vaccine introduced orally in 5 administrations stimulated the production of antibodies to all components, but the intensity of antibody formation to each of them was different. Antibodies to E. coli antigen were found to be at the lowest level. Staphylococcal antigen, introduced orally both as the component of the multicomponent vaccine and as the monovaccine, ensured pronounced stimulation of the production of antistaphylococcal antibodies, not lower than that observed after subcutaneous injection. The comparative study of the activity of the multicomponent vaccine introduced by combined routes, oral-subcutaneous and subcutaneous-oral, showed the advantage of the former one.

[The specific activity of a multicomponent vaccine made from the antigens of opportunistic microorganisms]. / Spetsificheskaia aktivnost' polikomponentnoi vaktsiny iz antigenov uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov.

Multicomponent vaccine prepared from the antigens of 4 representatives of opportunistic microflora possesses high specific activity. The passive hemagglutination (PHA) test with the use of associated diagnosticum showed that antibody titers in the sera of immunized rabbits increased 10- to 10(4)-fold in comparison with the titers observed prior to immunization. The PHA test with the use of the antigens contained in the vaccine revealed the accumulation of antibodies to each of the 4 components of the preparation in the blood sera of immunized rabbits. When stored at 4 degrees C, the vaccine was shown to retain its specific activity for 5 years (the term of observation).

[Initial experience with prophylactic Proteus vaccine immunization in an emergency clinic]. / Pervyi opyt profilakticheskoi immunizatsii proteinoi vaktsinoi v klinike skoroi pomoshchi.

As early as the first 24 hours since a severe isolated locomotor trauma the patients were immunized with Proteus vaccine. Such vaccination is shown to stimulate the production of serum specific antibodies, to reduce contamination of the wound with gram-negative agents, to shorten hospital stay and healing of the wound versus subjects vaccinated with staphylococcal anatoxin and nonimmunized patients.

[The reactogenicity and immunological efficacy of a Klebsiella vaccine in donors]. / Izuchenie reaktogennosti i immunologicheskoi éffektivnosti klebsielleznoi vaktsiny na donorakh.

Klebsiella vaccine, when injected subcutaneously to donors, proved to be faintly reactogenic and safe. The injection of the vaccine had no effect on changes in the morphological composition of peripheral blood and on liver function. In persons with the initially low content of IgG an increase in this characteristic was observed after immunization. No changes in the synthesis of IgE occurred in healthy donors under the influence of immunization. The vaccine was shown to be immunogenic when introduced according to immunization schedules comprising 3 and 5 injections, the titer of Klebsiella antibodies increasing 3- to 5-fold.

[The characteristics of the chemical composition and biological activity of Proteus antigens isolated using hydroxylamine]. / Kharakteristika khimicheskogo sostava i biologicheskoi aktivnosti antigenov proteia, izolirovannykh s pomoshch'iu gidroksilamina.

The comparative study of the chemical composition and biological properties of antigens isolated from Proteus vulgaris with the use of hydroxylamine and by two classical methods (Boivin's and Westphal's methods) has been made. As shown in this study, the treatment of bacteria with hydroxylamine makes it possible to obtain antigenic complexes with lower toxicity. At the same time hydroxylamine produces no denaturing effect on lipopolysaccharides and protein fractions of bacterial cells.

[Field trials with an oral cell-free vaccine made from Shigella flexneri]. / Polevye opyty s oral'noi beskletochnoi vaktsinoi iz Shigella flexneri.

The data on the study of the reactogenicity, safety and prophylactic potency of a new acellular vaccine prepared from S. flexneri 2a antigenic complexes are presented. According to the results of two epidemic experiments, the vaccine, introduced by oral administration, showed low reactogenicity, safety and sufficient prophylactic potency. The vaccine decreased morbidity rate in dysentery caused by S. flexneri 2a and ensured the protection of 74% (72-80%) of the vaccinees. The complete course of immunization consisting of three administrations followed by the booster administration induces the formation of specific immunity whose duration is sufficient for ensuring the protection of immunized persons during the epidemiologically unfavorable period (for at least 3 months).

[Erythrocytic diagnostic agents for determining antibodies to Proteus O antigens]. / Eritrotsitarnye diagnostikumy dlia opredeleniia antitel k O-antigenam proteev.

Highly sensitive and specific erythrocyte diagnostic agents (ED) for the determination of antibodies to Proteus O-antigens have been obtained by the sensitization of formolated sheep red blood cells (SPBC) with activated lipopolysaccharides (LPS) without the use of mediators. The tannin treatment of formolated SRBC and/or the increase of temperature from 45 degrees C to 100 degrees C in the process of the preparation of ED have been found to produce no increase in effectiveness. Antibody ED permitting the detection of Proteus O- and H-antigens has been obtained by the sensitization of formolated chick red blood cells with immunoglobulin preparations to Proteus hydroxylamine antigens, carried out with the use of amidol. The experiments have shown the possibility of using this antibody ED for the determination of O-antibodies in the antigen neutralization test with nonactivated LPS used as an agglutinating agent. The passive hemagglutination test with antibody ED has proved to be a more sensitive method for the detection of O-antibodies than the antigen neutralization test with antigenic ED. The determination of Proteus etiology in the passive hemagglutination test with the use of antigenic ED has been shown to be highly effective in the examination of patients with chronic osteomyelitis at the stage of exacerbation.

[ChemicaL and immunochemical characteristics of antigenic preparations from Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae as the components for an associated vaccine]. / Khimicheskie i immunokhimicheskie osobennosti antigennykh preparatov iz Staphylococcus aureus i Klebsiella pneumoniae kak komponentov assotsiirovannoi vaktsiny.

S. aureus aqueous extract and K. pneumoniae hydroxylamine vaccine were studied by means of chemical and immunochemical analytical techniques. The preparations were found to contain, respectively, 7.0% nad 53.5% of neutral monosaccharides, 6.5% and 0.7% of nucleic acids, as well as protein in approximately equal amounts (11.63-14.0%). In experiment of immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and rocket immunoelectrophoresis in homologous systems with hyperimmune antimicrobial sera the preparations were characterized by serological heterogeneity. After their combination with Escherichia coli aqueous extract and Proteus hydroxylamine preparation their serological characteristics remaIned unchanged. The study of cross reactions of all components of the combined preparations with hyperimmune rabbit sera to the corresponding microorganisms revealed that only Klebsiella component of the combined vaccine reacted with all hyperimmune sera. The preparation of Proteus showed the lowest activity, it reacted only with hyperimmune sera to K. pneumoniae. Besides, no reaction of S. aureus component with sera to E. coli and no reaction of the preparation of E. coli with antistaphylococcal serum were observed.

[Cross reactions between Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria meningitidis]. / Issledovanie perekrestnykh reaktsii mezhdu Staphylococcus aureus i Neisseria meningitidis.

The results of the study of rabbit antisera to meningococci A, B, C in the double diffusion in gel, passive hemagglutination test and enzyme immunoassay with antigenic preparations isolated from S. aureus strains are indicative of the presence of common antigenic determinants of protein and polysaccharide nature in S. aureus and N. meningitidis.

[Immunological activity of a Proteus vaccine administered to volunteers simultaneously with a pyoimmunogen and adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin]. / Immunologicheskaia aktivnost' proteinoi vaktsiny pri vvedenii dobrovol'tsam odnovremenno s pioimmunogenom i adsorbirovannym stafilokokkovym anatoksinom.

The comparative study of the immunological activity of Proteus vaccine prepared from soluble antigenic complexes was made after the immunization of volunteers with this vaccine used in the form of a single preparation and in combination with pyoimmunogen (Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine) and/or adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid. The injection of the vaccine in the form of a single preparation and in different combinations increased the ingestion of Proteus cells by neutrophils. The injection of Proteus vaccine simultaneously with pyoimmunogen and staphylococcal toxoid ensured the intensive phagocytosis of staphylococci. All combinations with Proteus vaccine, used in this investigation, stimulated the intensive formation of antibodies to Proteus vaccine strain and Re-glycolipid. Proteus vaccine introduced in combination with adsorbed staphylococcal toxoid essentially stimulated the synthesis of anti-alpha-staphylolysin.