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PURPOSE: To compare topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) efficacy on intravitreal injection (IVI)-induced pain reduction, and determine the most efficient topical NSAID. METHODS: This randomized controlled study included 662 eyes of 662 patients. Based on the types of NSAID administered before IVI, eight subgroups were formed. In the control group, a sterile saline solution was applied instead of NSAIDs. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain scores after IVI. The VAS scores were noted immediately and 6 hours following injection (6th hour). RESULTS: Nepafenac 0.3%, 0.1%, and bromfenac had the lowest scores, immediately after and after 6 hours, with no significant differences. Diclofenac and ketorolac had higher VAS scores than the first trio but lower scores than the control group. Flurbiprofen, pranoprofen, and indomethacin did not significantly affect immediate pain; however, at the 6th hour, the VAS scores were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: Nepafenac 0.3%, 0.1%, and bromfenac were the most effective NSAIDs for pain reduction. Although some NSAIDs did not have a significant effect on immediate pain, they all provided significant benefit at the 6th hour.
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Objective: Speech perception relies on precise spectral and temporal cues. However, cochlear implant (CI) processing is confined to a limited frequency range, affecting the information transmitted to the auditory system. This study analyzes the influence of channel interaction and the number of channels on word recognition scores (WRS) within the CI simulation framework. Methods: Two distinct experiments were conducted. The first experiment (n=29, average age =23 years, 14 females) evaluated the number of channels using eight, twelve, sixteen, and 22 channel vocoded and nonvocoded word lists for WRS assessment. The second experiment (n=29, average age =25 years, 16 females) explored channel interaction across low, middle, and high-interaction conditions. Results: In the first experiment, participants scored 57.93%, 80.97%, 83.59%, 91.03%, and 95.45% under 8, 12, 16, and 22-channel vocoder and non-vocoder conditions, respectively. The number of vocoder channels significantly affected WRS, with significant differences observed in all conditions except between the 12-channel and 16-channels (p<0.01). In the second experiment, the participants scored 2.2%, 20.6%, and 50.6% under high, mid, and low interaction conditions, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed across all channel interaction conditions (p<0.01). Conclusions: While the number of channels had a notable impact on WRS, it is essential to note that certain conditions (12 vs. 16) did not yield statistically significant differences. The observed differences in WRS were eclipsed by the pronounced effects of channel interaction. Notably, all conditions in the channel interaction experiment exhibited statistically significant differences. These findings underscore the paramount importance of prioritizing channel interaction in signal processing and CI fitting.
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BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women's physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry.
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Attentional resources limit our perceptual capacities. One vital point is whether these resources are allotted severally to every sense or shared between them. We addressed this problem via means of topics to carry out a dual-task, both in the same modality or other modalities (visual and auditory). The primary task is to count the number of passes of the participants while watching the video that requires visual and auditory attention. Concurrently, they were also asked to notice the pure tones and visual events in the song during the video while counting their pass numbers. The results show that while the auditory task reduced the detection ability visual events task, the dual-task had a significant effect. Previous studies support that tasks requiring simultaneous auditory and visual attention affect each other. Our results have clear implications for showing that performance decreases in dual-task as the perceptual load increases.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare anterior segment parameters, including corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry and anterior chamber depth (ACD), and white to white corneal diameter (WTW), obtained by Pentacam Schiempflug imaging and intraocular lens (IOL) Master 700 swept-source optic coherence tomography biometry in keratoconus patients and healthy subjects. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional instrument agreement analysis includes 88 eyes of 50 keratoconus patients and 87 eyes of 50 healthy subjects. Biometry was performed using IOL Master 700, and topography was performed using Pentacam. The keratometry values (Kf, Ks, Km, and Kmax), ACD, WTW, CCT, axial length (AL), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and lens thickness (LT) were evaluated. Levels of agreement between devices were evaluated by Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement. RESULTS: Intraocular lens Master 700 showed higher WTW, ACD, pupil diameter, and CCT values than Pentacam in both the keratoconus and control groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences in flat keratometry (Kf) and steep keratometry (Ks) values between the groups. CONCLUSION: Pentacam and IOL Master 700 may be used interchangeably in normal eyes and keratoconus eyes for the measurement of keratometry values and axis; however, these two devices should not be considered interchangeable for WTW, ACD, pupil diameter, and CCT measurements in both keratoconus patients and healthy subjects.
