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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether increased choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) and whether patients with CCH are predisposed to central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). METHODS: We performed a retrospective consecutive observational study of 15 fellow eyes of 15 patients who had CCH. A- and B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of CCH. Fellow eye CT was measured using enhanced depth imaging OCT. FA, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT images of fellow eyes were reviewed for signs of CSCR. RESULTS: Mean subfoveal CT was significantly greater in the fellow eyes of patients with CCH than in age-matched normal eyes (p = 0.004). Three of 15 (20.0%) fellow eyes of CCH patients had retinal pigment epithelium disruptions and/or pigment epithelial detachments indicative of previous asymptomatic CSCR. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, elevated CT was associated with a risk of developing CCH as well as CSCR in patients of varying ages. Patients diagnosed with CCH should be screened for CSCR in the fellow eye. Further exploration of this association may reveal useful clues about the biology of abnormally elevated choroidal hyperpermeability and its various clinical manifestations.
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PURPOSE: To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy associated with pemphigus vulgaris. METHOD: Case report of a 25-year-old Hispanic male who was referred for sudden and severe reduction of vision from his right eye shortly after an exacerbation of pemphigus vulgaris. RESULTS: Fundus examination of the right eye revealed severe macular edema, nerve fiber layer infarcts, flame-shaped hemorrhages, and venous dilation. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings of flecken, ischemia with subsequent nerve fiber layer atrophy, and capillary leakage were consistent with Purtscher-like retinopathy. The patient was treated with 5 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg of ranibizumab. Visual acuity improved with resolution of macular edema, and the patient was started on systemic mycophenolate mofetil. Continued ocular stability was achieved with 11 subsequent intravitreal injections over the following 2 years. CONCLUSION: Purtscher-like retinopathy may have been associated with pemphigus vulgaris through a complement activation process that is previously undescribed. Retinal findings were successfully mitigated with the use of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
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The authors report four cases where spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaged pathology not captured by time domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT). These cases include one of angioid streaks, two of juxtafoveal telangiectasia, and one of age-related macular degeneration. In each case, the improved images provided by SD-OCT changed either the management of the patient or the counseling of their disease process.