A study of the norcaradiene-cycloheptatriene equilibrium in a series of azulenones by NMR spectroscopy; the impact of substitution on the position of equilibrium.

A systematic investigation of the influence of substitution at positions C-2 and C-3 on the azulenone skeleton, based on NMR characterisation, is discussed with particular focus on the impact of the steric and electronic characteristics of substituents on the position of the norcaradiene-cycloheptatriene (NCD-CHT) equilibrium. Variable temperature (VT) NMR studies, undertaken to enable the resolution of signals for the equilibrating valence tautomers revealed, in addition, interesting shifts in the equilibrium.

Realigning the communication paradigm in nursing case management.

Communication underlies all of case management (CM), and better comprehension of the processes of communication within the context of the CM role may facilitate positive patient and organizational outcomes, and assist providers and policy makers in designing effective CM systems. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative, pilot project was to explore dimensions of communication of the nurse case manager role within a hospital setting. The results describe a "hub and spoke" model of communications and suggest the utility of this familiar model for understanding the communication dynamics for those who work as nursing case managers in hospital settings. Findings suggest that nurse case managers are at various times both advocates and mediators--communications roles that may encompass somewhat contradictory demands and perspectives.