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1.
Chemosphere ; 135: 403-10, 2015 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26002047

RESUMEN

Anti-cancer drugs are compounds that are of high environmental relevance because of their lack of specific mode of action. They can be extremely harmful to living organisms even at low concentrations. The present study evaluated the toxic effects of four frequently used anti-cancer drugs against plant seedlings, namely Cyclophosphamide (CP), Methotrexate (MTX), 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Imatinib (IM). The phytotoxicity experiments were performed with Lactuca sativa seedlings whereas cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity investigations were performed with the well-established Allium cepa assays. MTX was the most phytotoxic compound, followed by 5-FU, CP and IM. Significant differences in the Mitotic Indexes (MI) were observed in three of the studied compounds (MTX, 5-FU and CP), indicating potential cytotoxic activity of these substances. Chromosome aberrations were registered in cells that were exposed to 5-FU, CP and IM. All the four compounds caused the formation of micronucleated cells indicating mutagenic potential. Besides, the assays performed with MTX samples presented a high number of cell apoptosis (cell death). Although it is unlikely that the pharmaceuticals concentrations measured in the environment could cause lethal effects in plants, the obtained results indicate that these compounds may affect the growth and normal development of these plants. So, both tests can constitute important tools for a fast screening of environmental contamination e.g. in the context of the reuse of treated wastewater and biosolids of agricultural purpose.


Asunto(s)
Riego Agrícola/métodos , Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Aguas Residuales/química , Bioensayo , Ciclofosfamida , Fluorouracilo , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Cebollas/efectos de los fármacos , Aguas del Alcantarillado
2.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 68(1): 64-73, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25135422

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study was to assess the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of hospital laundry wastewaters generated from a regional hospital located in Rio Pardo Valley in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Physicochemical, microbiological, ecotoxicological, and genotoxic analyses were performed, and the results indicate that some parameters were not in accordance with the limit concentrations established by Brazilian and international guidelines for urban wastewaters. Daphnia magna (EC50 2.01%) and Danio rerio (LC50 29.25%) acute toxicity was detected, and sublethal effects were identified in Lactuca sativa (IC25 12.50%) and Allium cepa (IC25 51.25%). Cytotoxicity was observed at the five wastewater concentrations used yielding statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the meristematic cells of A. cepa compared with the negative control. The results obtained here warn about the necessity to develop treatment methods that can mitigate the environmental impacts caused by the ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of hospital laundry wastewaters.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Servicio de Lavandería en Hospital , Aguas Residuales/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Animales , Brasil , Daño del ADN , Daphnia , Ecotoxicología , Hospitales , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Aguas Residuales/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis
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