Nurses' attitude on pressure injury prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on the pressure ulcer prevention instrument (APuP).

BACKGROUND: Prevention of pressure ulcers (PU) is one of the most important indicators of the quality of patient care that may be influenced by the attitude of nurses. Nurses are responsible for maintaining the integrity of the skin and preventing its complications. The aim of this study was to assess the overall attitude of nurses on PU prevention based on their scores on the Attitude towards Pressure ulcer Prevention instrument (APuP). METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus were searched, using the following keywords: Pressure Ulcer, Pressure injury, Bedsore, Pressure Sore, Decubitus Ulcer, Attitude, and their possible combinations. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed with I2 index and Cochrane-Q test. Based on heterogeneity between the studies, the data were analyzed using a random effects model. All the analyses were performed using STATA v.16 software. RESULTS: Twelve studies with a sample size of 7824 people were analyzed. The overall score of attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention was 70.84% (95% CI: 66.34-75.35) and the highest and lowest scores were related to the dimensions of individual priority (78.83%, 95% CI: 74.69-82.97) and competence (70.11%, 95% CI: 67.24-72.94), respectively. The percentage of the total score of attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention in nurses was higher than nursing students (72.15%, 95% CI: 67.10-77.20 vs. 67%, 95% CI: 53.80-80.20). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results. Publication bias was significant (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: The attitude of nurses and nursing students towards the prevention of pressure ulcers was moderate, and providing the necessary training to these groups was essential.

Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised in Iranian Children with Cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Coping with childhood cancer, as a stressful incident, can lead to a growth in various aspects of the child's life. Therefore, this study aims to validate Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised (PTGI-C-R) in children with cancer. METHODS: This methodological research was carried out in referral children hospitals in Tehran. PTGI-C-R was translated and back-translated. Content and face validity were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on 200 children with inclusion criteria, using LISREL V8.5. Due to the rejection of the model, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done, using SPSS V21. The correlation of posttraumatic growth (PTG) with the variables, i.e., age and gender, was investigated. RESULTS: Some writing changes were made in phrases in the sections concerning face and content validity. CFA rejected the five-factor model due to the undesirable fit indices. Therefore, an EFA was used and the three-factor model was not approved, either despite the statistical appropriateness or due to the lack of similarity between the items loaded on factors. The results also indicated a significant relationship between PTG and age (r = 0.13, P = 0.05). There is no significant relationship between PTG and gender (z = -1.35, P = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: PTGI-C-R does not have desirable psychometric properties in Iranian children with cancer and may not be able to reflect all the aspects of PTG experienced by them. Therefore, it cannot be used as an appropriate scale, and it is necessary to develop and validate a specific tool through a qualitative study.

The prevalence of comorbid depression in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in patients with diabetes, which can exacerbate and accelerate adverse diabetes complaints by reducing self-care behaviors and medication adherence. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depression in Iranian patients with diabetes. The search was conducted in the databases of Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The following keywords and their possible combinations were used: depressive disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, diabetes mellitus and Iran. Heterogeneity between studies was examined with I2. The data were analyzed using the meta-analysis method and random-effects model with Stata version 11.0. The analysis of 37 selected articles with a total sample size of 7849 indicated that the overall prevalence of depression in Iranian patients with diabetes was 54% (95% CI: 47.32-60.70). In addition, the prevalence of depression in women (56.25%; 95% CI: 48.83-63.68) was higher than that of men (41.05%; 95% CI: 32.74-49.36). The results showed that there was no relationship between the prevalence of depression and publication year (0.249), sample size (p = 0.529), and mean age of the subjects (p = 0.330). More than half of the patients with diabetes suffer from depression. Identification and treatment of these patients can be an important step in controlling and delaying the diabetes complication.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is associated with an increased the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hence increased cardiovascular diseases in women. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at examining the prevalence of MetS in Iranian women with PCOS. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of English and Persian studies, using the following keywords: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Hyperandrogenism, Metabolic Syndrome,"MetSyn", X Syndrome, and Iran in several national and international databases (Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus from inception to February 2019. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the Cochran's Q test. The random effects model was then used to estimate the overall prevalence of MetS. ALL the analyses were performed using STATA, version 12. Overall, 10 studies were included in the study. The overall prevalence of MetS among Iranian women with PCOS was 26.6% (95% CI: 16.60-31.70). In addition, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.47 (95% CI: 25.46-29.48) and the mean waist circumference was 87.94 (95% CI: 84.28-91.60). According the meta-regression results, there were no significant associations between the prevalence of MetS and sample size, year of publication, waist circumference, BMI, and age. One-fourth of Iranian women with PCOS have MetS. Given the overlap between anthropometric and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS and the features of MetS, accurate identification of patients with MetS is important to ensure early diagnosis and subsequent interventions to effectively manage the condition.