Whole Genome Sequencing and Pan-Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae VC01 Isolated from a Clinical Sample.

Cholera, a disease caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacteria, threatens public health worldwide. The organism mentioned above has a significant historical record of being identified as a prominent aquatic environmental pollutant capable of adapting its phenotypic and genotypic traits to react to host patients effectively. This study aims to elucidate the heterogeneity of the sporadic clinical strain of V. cholerae VC01 among patients residing in Silvasa. The study involved conducting whole-genome sequencing of the isolate obtained from patients exhibiting symptoms, including those not commonly observed in clinical practice. The strain was initially identified through a combination of biochemical analysis, microscopy, and 16s rRNA-based identification, followed by type strain-based identification. The investigation demonstrated the existence of various genetic alterations and resistance profiles against multiple drugs, particularly chloramphenicol (catB9), florfenicol (floR), oxytetracycline (tet(34)), sulfonamide (sul2), and Trimethoprim (dfrA1). The pan-genomic analysis indicated that 1099 distinct clusters were detected within the genome sequences of recent isolates worldwide. The present study helps to establish a correlation between the mutation and the coexistence of antimicrobial resistance toward current treatment.

The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the coxsackie virus [hand foot and mouth disease] in India.

Outbreaks of HFMD in children aged <5 years have been reported worldwide and the major causative agents are Coxsackievirus (CV) A16, enterovirus (EV)-A71 and recently CVA6. In India, HFMD is a disease that is not commonly reported. The purpose of the study was to identify the enterovirus type(s) associated with large outbreak of Hand, foot, and mouth disease during COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Four hundred and twenty five clinical samples from 196-suspected cases were collected from different parts of the country. This finding indicated the emergence of CVA6 in HFMD along with CVA16, soon after the gradual easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions during-pandemic COVID-19 and the relevance of continued surveillance of circulating enterovirus types in the post-COVID pandemic era.

Pregnancy and Obstetric Emergencies Handled by Emergency Medical Response Services in the Dadra and Nagar Haveli: A Brick-by-Brick Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The access of pregnant women to an appropriate health facility plays a crucial role in preventing maternal deaths. In the last decade, many new steps have been taken in the direction of making motherhood safe, one of them being the availability of free Emergency Medical Response Services (EMRS). In the present investigation, various variables were analyzed of the EMRS which provides services to pregnant women of the tribal district of Western India. METHODS: This study is a descriptive analysis of EMRS provided to pregnant women from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2020. The number of expected pregnancies was obtained from the state data center and the variables related to the benefitted pregnant women were generated with the EMRS tracking software. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that 93.59% of pregnant women benefitted from these services in the last six years as compared to the estimated number of pregnancies. Whereas in the case of obstetric emergencies, 85.02% of pregnant women benefitted. Most of the beneficiaries were tribal, in the age group of 20-35 years, with lower socio-economic strata. More than 98.0% of pregnant women decided to take the delivery facility in the public hospitals. Across the district, ambulances had to travel less than 10km to cater to 89.0% of pregnant women. CONCLUSION: The convenient access of EMRS to pregnant women can improve the indicators of maternal and child health and reduce the risk of maternal death and home delivery.

Circulation of dengue serotypes in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (India).

The presence of chronological infection by the multi serotype of dengue virus (DENV) is a major contributing factor for the induction of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). The results indicate that all serotype of dengue along with concurrent infection were reported from the third smallest Union Territory of India furthermore, rare serotype DENV 4, gradually spreads in new areas of India. Therefore, a need to understand the epidemiology of locally circulating serotype and accordingly the control strategy can be implemented. The study was conducted during 2014-2017 in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (India).

Leptospira in the different ecological niches of the tribal union territory of India.

INTRODUCTION: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, which has a medical and veterinary importance, and also a commonly re-emerging infectious disease. The main causes of transmission are known; however, the respective prominence of each of the components and the respective environmental risk factors are obscure. METHODOLOGY: Present study was conducted in the different locations (urban/rural/tribal) of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli). Periodical sample collection approach was used to collect the samples from May 2016 to April 2017, to determine the persistence of leptospiral contamination of the environmental sources. RESULTS: The PCR detection and isolation of Leptospira revealed that pathogenic leptospires were present in water, soil and animal urine. The highest positivity was reported from the water of household drainage in urban areas and in the water from rice field of rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained from the present study may help and guiding in developing preventive measures for leptospirosis in the UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

Menacanthus palmai, a new species of chewing louse (Menoponidae: Amblycera: Phthiraptera) from the Coturnix coromandelica.

The new species Menacanthus palmai collected from Coturnix coromandelica (Gmelin), in Rampur district (UP), India, is described and illustrated. Morphologically the new species is close to M. abdominalis from Coturnix coturnix but differs in having long pointed ventral processes on the postero-medial angles of the second to fifth pleurites. Furthermore, these two species also differ in the number of tergal and sternal abdominal setae, and the morphology of the male genitalia. Another species, Menacanthus pallipes from C. chinensis, does not have ventral processes on the postero-medial angles of pleurites.

Population characteristics and the nature of egg shells of two Phthirapteran species parasitizing Indian cattle egrets.

The prevalence, intensities of infestation, range of infestation and population composition of two phthirapteran species, Ardeicola expallidus Blagoveshtchensky (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) and Ciconiphilus decimfasciatus Boisduval and Lacordaire (Menoponidae) on seventy cattle egrets were recorded during August 2004 to March 2005, in India. The frequency distribution patterns of both the species were skewed but did not correspond to the negative binomial model. The oviposition sites, egg laying patterns and the nature of the eggs of the two species were markedly different.

A survey of phthirapteran ectoparasites on the Grey Francolin, Francolinus Pondicerianus (Galliformes: phasianidae) in North-India.

As many as 144 brown francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) were netted from 6 sites of Uttarakhand during the period from October, 2006 to September, 2008, to note the occurrence of phthirapteran species. Out of 144 birds, 45.83% were found to be infested with two species of lice i.e. Menacanthus kalatitar and Goniocotes jirufi, the former species occurring in 29.17% of birds (mean intensity 11.45 and sample mean abundance 3.34) whereas the later infesting only 25.69% of birds (mean intensity 8.22 and sample mean abundance 2.11). Significant positive correlation existed between mean monthly lice index and mean monthly temperature as well as photoperiod, while negative correlation was seen with respect to relative humidity and rainfall.