Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People With Mobility Impairments.

BACKGROUND: Although physical activity (PA) is an important determinant of health, physically disabled individuals tend to have a sedentary lifestyle. The Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire for People with Mobility Impairments (BPAQ-MI) is a self-report instrument evaluating PA barriers. This study was intended to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of BPAQ-MI (P-BPAQ-MI) and to report the prevalence and severity of PA barriers among Persian-speaking individuals. METHODS: The translation and back translation of the BPAQ-MI was conducted according to an internationally accepted guideline and tested on 163 participants to assess its reliability and validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were analyzed using Cronbach alpha and Spearman correlation coefficient. Convergent construct validity was established by comparing the scores of P-BPAQ-MI and The Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. Known-groups construct validity was assessed with regard to type of assistive device and sex of the individual. Prevalence and severity of the barriers were reported by computing the percentage and means of "yes" answers. RESULTS: The P-BPAQ-MI domains demonstrated very good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of .77-.95) and excellent test-retest reliability (Spearman rho of .73-.96) with a significant inverse small correlation with Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire indexes. The P-BPAQ-MI successfully discriminated between individuals with different assistive devices and sex. Community Built Environment barriers were the most prevalent and severe. CONCLUSIONS: The P-BPAQ-MI is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the PA barriers of people with physical disability. The community barriers were the most frequently reported obstacles to PA.

The effect of minimally invasive suturectomy with postoperative cranial remolding orthotic treatment for an infant with bilateral coronal craniosynostosis.

Minimally invasive suturectomy has been reported to significantly decrease the economic cost of treating infants with craniosynostosis. Nonetheless, treatment should be accompanied by a cranial remolding orthosis to maintain the constant correction and reshaping of the skull throughout the infant's development.

Disease-Specific Outcome Measures Evaluating the Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis and Scheuermann's Kyphosis: A Literature Review.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and Scheuermann's kyphosis (SK) are the most common types of spinal deformities in adolescents, and both have substantial ramifications on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) parameters. Various questionnaires have been developed to assess HRQoL in age-group populations with spinal deformity. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of consensus across the literature as to which instrument is the most suitable for evaluating the HRQoL of this cohort. Thus, this literature review was conducted to present disease-specific questionnaires for children and adolescents with AIS and SK to provide their psychometric characteristics (validity, reliability, and responsiveness) across different languages. A literature search was performed in the Medline (PubMed), Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. Studies that outlined the development and application of questionnaires evaluating HRQoL of children and adolescents with spinal deformity were included, and data on their validity and reliability in different translated languages were collected. A total of 10 disease-specific questionnaires were identified. Except for one questionnaire that was a proxy-reported measure, the other questionnaires were self-reported. We determined that selecting the proper questionnaire for clinical and research purposes requires careful consideration of various factors including the type of treatment intervention planned as well as various patient demographic factors. For children with early-onset scoliosis, the ideal questionnaire to evaluate their HRQoL is the Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire-24. For adolescents with AIS and SK who are potential candidates for surgical intervention, the use of Scoliosis Research Society-22, Scoliosis Japanese-27, and Quality of Life Profile Spinal Deformity questionnaires is appropriate. For patients who are under nonsurgical treatment, the Brace Questionnaire and Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life questionnaires can be utilized. Nonetheless, when the specific intent of a study is to evaluate the self-image perception of patients, the use of drawing-based questionnaires may be the optimal choice.

Isolated sporadic uterine lymphangioleiomyoma with unusual clinical and pathological features.

We report a unique uterine neoplasm, favoured to represent an isolated extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyoma with unusual pathological features, in a postmenopausal woman without tuberous sclerosis complex. The large neoplasm consisted of smooth muscle fascicles and cystic spaces lined by lymphatic cells, which were negative for the melanocytic staining that is characteristically positive in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). There are fewer than 30 cases of uterine LAM reported, none of which have demonstrated this morphology or these immunohistochemical findings. The origin of LAM cells in the more typical pulmonary LAM remains unclear; the unusual features in this case may represent a distinct pathological entity or a rare variant of typical extrapulmonary LAM, and may contribute to determining the cellular origin of these rare tumours. Conversely, this may represent a case of 'prepulmonary' LAM, providing supporting evidence for a possible gynaecological origin of these tumours in the broader affected (almost exclusively female) population.