[Monoclonal antibodies to insulin influencing its biological activity]. / Monoklonal'nye antitela k insulinu, vliiaiushchie na ego biologicheskie aktivnost'.

Somatic hybridization was employed for obtaining 335 hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to insulin. Twelve hybridomas were cloned by a method of maximum dilutions, and specific immunoglobulins, secreted by them, were characterized by solid phase immunoenzyme assay. Monoclonal antibodies possessed different activity with relation to human, porcine and cattle insulins, indicating their specificity to different epitopes on the insulin molecule. Antibodies of IN-2 and IN-3 clones were capable of inhibiting insulin biological activity in vivo. In experiments on rabbits antibodies of IN-2 clone decreased a 3-fold insulin hypoglycemic action, and antibodies of IN-3 clone caused an increase in the life span of mice after administration of insulin at high doses to them.

[Development and experimental study of a dried nutrient medium for the microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infections]. / Razrabotka i éksperiemtnal'noe izuchenie sukhoi pitatel'noi sredy dlia mikrobiologischeskoi diagnostiki streptokokkovykh infektsii.

The comparative study of different protein bases has shown that the combined base containing animal blood hydrolysate (amino peptide) and acidic casein hydrolysate, moderately cleaved, in the proportion 1:1 is a good source of nitrogen and ensures the intensive growth of streptococci. As determined by the study of the physiological parameters and growth of streptococci, the presence of fodder yeast extract, glutamine, glucose and phosphates in media containing blood hydrolysate and casein hydrolysate has been found to render a stimulating effect on the growth and multiplication of these organisms. The data thus obtained have been used as the basis for developing the formula of a dried culture medium, capable of ensuring the growth of streptococci without blood or serum added and not inferior in its quality to Todd-Hewitt Broth manufactured by Oxoid Ltd. (Great Britain) and Difco Laboratories (USA). The physico-chemical and physiological characteristics of the proposed medium have been determined. The use of the new dried culture medium in medical practice will make it possible to improve the microbiological diagnosis of streptococcal infections.

[Methodological principles of the determination of the information value of laboratory evaluation of the immunogenicity and reactivity of vaccines]. / O metodicheskikh printsipakh opredeleniia informativnosti laboratornykh testov otsenki immunogennosti i reaktogennosti vaktsin.

The correlation between the reactogenicity and immunogenicity characteristics of different smallpox vaccines, determined under the conditions of a strictly controlled field trial, has been studied by a number of laboratory tests. The most informative and reproducible laboratory methods for evaluating the provisory antigenic and immunogenic potency of smallpox vaccines are the evaluation of the character of lesions developing in rabbits as a result of the intradermal injection of the virus and the determination of the capacity of the virus for multiplication in the skin of a rabbit (reproduction). The most informative and reproducible method for evaluating the provisory reactogenicity of smallpox vaccines for humans is the determination of the capacity of the virus for multiplication at elevated temperature.

[Comparative study of the smallpox vaccines from B-51, EM-63 and L-IVP in a controlled epidemiological experiment. II. The characteristiics of the immunogenicity of the smallpox vaccines]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie ospennykh vaktsin iz shtammov B-51, EM-63 i L-IVP v usloviiakh kontroliruemogo épidemiologicheskogo opyta. Soobshchenie II. Kharakteristika immunogennosti ospennykh vaktsin.

Immunogenicity of smallpox vaccines prepared of EM-63, L-IVP, and B-51 strains was studied under conditions of strict controlled epidemiological trial. Skin reactions to revaccination and vaccines antigenic activity indices were detemined in the persons vaccinated. Changes in the virus-neutralizing and antibodies suppressing hemagglutination was the same in persons vaccinated with any of the preparations tested. The maximal virus-neutralizing antibodies level was determined 1 month after the vaccination and persisted without any essential changes for one year. The titre of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies also reached the maximum in one month, but diminished gradually by the end of one year after the vaccination. There were found no significant differences in the antigenic activity of the vaccines. The vaccines studied also displayed no difference in the number and character of skin reactions to revaccination. In comparing the antibodies level and the character of skin reactions to revaccination it was found that the titres of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and virus-neutralizing antibodies of 1:40 and over were in the great majority of cases determined in the blood sera of the vaccinated persons with the immediate and negative reactions to revaccination, i. e. in those with intensive postvaccinal immunity.

[Comparative study of smallpox vaccines from strains B-51, EM-63 and L-IVP in a controlled epidemiologic trial. I. Reactogenic characteristics of the smallpox vaccines]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie ospennykh vaktsin iz shtammov B-51, EM-63, L-IVP v usloviiakh kontroliruemogo épidemiologicheskogo opyta. Soobshchenie I. Kharakteristika reaktogennosti ospennykh vaktsin.

A comparative study of smallpox vaccines prepared from the l-ivp zm-63 and b-51 strains was carried out under conditions of controlled epidemiological trial. Children subject to planned vaccination were scarified with commercial batches of the preparations under study (with the same infectious activity). As a result of investigations it was found that in the group of those scarified with the vaccine from zm-63 strain strong local and catarrhal reactions and some disturbances of general condition were more frequent than in those scarified with preparations from the l-ivp and b-51 strain. Along with this, the temperature elevation of various intensity showed no statistically significant difference in the groups a vaccinated with the vaccines compared. Integral analysis of signs characterising different manifestations of reactigenic properties of the vaccines compared led to the conclusion that preparations made of zm-6 strain had greater reactogenic properties.

[Study of the multiple puncture method in smallpox vaccination of children]. / Izuchenie metoda mnozhestvennogo nakalyvaniia pri vaktsinatsii detei protiv aspy.

In this work the multiple puncture method (in 76 cases) was compared with the scarification method--2 clinear cuts (in 70 cases). "Vaccine take" of the vaccines demonstrated a statistically significant difference: by the first method the percentage of personal "vaccine take" was 98.7, and by the second--86.4. The multiple puncture method produced a less pronounced local and general reaction. Immunological efficacy of the multiple puncture method (evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition test and neutralization test in the tissue culture) was quite satisfactory and failed to differ from such in vaccination by scarification.

[Relationship between the incidence of neurologic complications following smallpox vaccination and the generation and infectious activity of vaccine from strain L-IVP]. / Zavisimost' chastoty nevrologicheskikh oslozhnenii pri vaktsinatsii protiv ospy ot generatsii i infektsionnoi aktivnosti vaktsiny iz shtamma L-IVP.

A strictly controlled epidemiological trial was applied to the study of the incidence of neurological complications in children inoculated with vaccine from the L-IVP strain of the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th passages (generations). To ascertain a possible connection between the neuropathogenicity with the infectious activity the persons vaccinated were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the infectiousness level of the preparation obtained: the I group--3--5-10(8)OOU/ml; the II group--6--8-9-10(8) OOU/ml; the III group over 9-10(8) OOU/ml. The least number of neurological complications was recorded among children primarily inoculated with the vaccine of the 3rd passage with the infectiousness titre of over 9-10(8) OOU/ml.

[Epidemiological assessment of the system of indices characterizing the quality of vaccine preparations]. / Epidemiologicheskaia otsenka sistemy pokazatelei, kharakterizuiushchikh kachestvo vaktsinnykh preparatov

The authors discuss the methodology and the method of formation of the medico-technical requirements to newly-elaborated or modified vaccine preparations. The following are considered among the principal parameters responsible for the formation of the quality of the vaccines: the prophylactic activity, the extent of the injurious effect, the technological and the exploitation properties. A close association of these parameters in the determination of the quality of the vaccine and the dependence of the efficacy of its use on the character of the epidemic situation was shown. A possibility of using the method of calculation of the efficacy of immunization for detection of the main (leading) parameters of the quality of the vaccine elaborated which should be used in composing the medico-technical requirements. It is emphasize that one of the principal directions of the investigations is the elaboration and the assessment of the correctness of the immunological and laboratory methods of standardization and control of the methods of objective measurement of the parameters forming the quality of the vaccine preparations.

[A method of determining the efficiency of the projected process of uninterrupted microorganism cultivation for vaccine production]. / Metodika opredeleniia ékonomichnosti prognoziruemogo protsessa nepreryvnogo kul'tivirovaniia mikroorganizmov pri proizvodstve vaktsin

The authors suggest the method of study of the process of periodic cultivation of microorganisms for prognostication of the optimal process of biomass accumulation at the level of microbial population, homogenous by the spectrum of biochemical properties. A regimen of continuous growth of the microorganisms (calculated with the use of this method), corresponding to the phase of delay of the growth rate, was economically more effective in comparison with the traditional process used in the vaccine production.