RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is currently the most common neoplasm diagnosed in women globally. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may play a key role in invasiveness of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in patients with breast cancer and its possible association with cancer progression. METHODS: Breast specimens were collected from 72 patients with breast cancer and 31 healthy controls. The presence of HPV was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping was performed for positive cases. We also evaluated the viral factors such as E6, E2, and E7 in HPV positive cases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA (and Real-time PCR techniques were used to measure the expression level of anti-carcinogenic genes, such as p53, retinoblastoma (RB), breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1, BRCA2) and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and different interleukins [ILs] (IL-1,IL6, and IL-17). RESULTS: The HPV DNA was detected in 48.6% of breast cancer samples, whereas only 16.1% of controls were positive for HPV. We observed statistically significant differences between breast cancer patients and HPV presence (P = 0.003). HPV type 18 was the most prevalent virus genotype in patients. The expression of P53, RB, BRCA1, and BRCA2 were decreased in patients with HPV-positive breast cancer as compared to HPV-negative breast cancer and healthy controls. (All P-values were less than 0.05). The presence of the HPV was associated with increased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TGF-ß, TNF-α, and NF-kB) and tumor progression. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that HPV infection may implicate in the development of some types of breast cancer.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Transformación Celular Viral , ADN Viral , Femenino , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Genotipo , Humanos , Inflamación/complicaciones , Inflamación/virología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy whose incidence has increased in recent years. Several internal and external risk factors are involved in the development of this cancer, such as infectious agents. Evidence supporting the role of viral infection as an etiology for the invasiveness of thyroid cancer is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the association between viral gene products and thyroid tumor development. METHODS: Fifty-seven thyroid cancer specimens were collected from the same number of patients as well as 18 samples from healthy controls. The presence of the EBV genome and the genotyping was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were used to measure the expression levels of viral and cellular genes. RESULTS: The EBV DNA was detected in 71.9% of the samples, and it was also found that the presence of the EBV was associated with increasing development of thyroid tumor. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that EBV infection may play a role in the development of thyroid tumor.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Viral , ADN Viral/genética , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/virología , Proteínas Virales/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , ADN Viral/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación Viral de la Expresión Génica , Herpesvirus Humano 4/metabolismo , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Virales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) can cause anemia in some patients, including those with compromised immunity system. There are a few studies on molecular epidemiology of B19V and its association with anemia in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the B19V DNA, IgM, IgG, genotyping, and viral load in HIV patients in different groups of pregnant women, general population, injection drug users (IDU), and Elite controllers. Also, the possible association of B19V with anemia was studied. Methods: In this case-control study, B19V DNA, anti-B19V IgM, anti-B19V IgG, viral load, and hemoglobin level were assessed in 113 HIV positive patients and 72 healthy controls. Also, CD4+ T cell counts and HIV load were measured in the patients' group. All statistical analyses were done using STATA 14.2 software (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, USA). P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among HIV patients, 19 (16.8%) cases had B19V DNA, 3 (2.7%) had B19V IgM, and 7 (6.2%) had B19V IgG. In control group, the prevalence of B19V DNA, IgM, and IgG was 6 (8.33%), 7(9.7%), and 19 (26.4%), respectively. In subpopulations based on transmission routes, general population had the highest B19V IgG and DNA positivity prevalence and viral load level. There was no significant association between B19V antibodies and DNA with anemia. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that B19V infection cannot be considered as a high-risk factor for anemia in adult HIV patients. However, further studies are needed to determine the exact role of B19V infection in HIV patients.
