Potassium fluoride-induced FeOOH formation in NiFe oxalate for improved oxygen evolution performance.

Our study introduces a facile synthetic route for the in situ formation of nickel (Ni)-iron (Fe) oxyhydroxide from NiFe oxalate. By adding potassium fluoride (KF) to the synthetic solution, we achieved a predominant surface distribution of Fe (>80 at%) while limiting its bulk incorporation compared to solutions without KF. Operando Raman spectroscopy analysis confirms that the enriched Fe predominantly exists as FeOOH. Our optimized catalyst demonstrates significant efficiency, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a notably low overpotential of 226 mV.

Evaluation of Mobile Applications for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review.

There has been increasing interest in mobile healthcare for diabetes management. However, there remains limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of these mobile applications (apps). This scoping review aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of mobile diabetes management apps. We used the following search terms: "mobile app", "mobile application", and "diabetes". We included only articles written in English and published between January 2016 and August 2021. We identified two, six, and four articles focused on type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and both diabetes types, respectively. Five, four, and three of these studies reported on the apps' functionality, usability, and both, respectively. Our findings indicated that diabetes mobile apps allowed for convenient user experience and improved blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. Considering these findings, usability must be comprehensively evaluated by using definitions such as the ISO9241-11 usability definition or the mobile application rating scale (MARS) when developing diabetes-related apps. For the feasibility of diabetes mobile apps, we recommend that HbA1C and self-management be included as evaluation variables. Given the increasing importance of continuous management for patients with diabetes, interventions using mobile apps are bound to become effective tools for patient-led self-management.

Multicolor Conjugated Polymer Thin Films with Tunable Responsivity to Oxidative and Reductive Environments.

Dynamic colors that respond to environmental changes are of great interest for diverse areas of science and technology ranging from chemical and biological sensors to smart information display. Here, we demonstrate a multitude of responsive colors from a conjugated polymer film arising from a thin-film interference. This mechanism provides an excellent control over the thin-film color by varying the film thickness, type of substrate, and degree of polaron population and is generally applicable to various conjugated polymers for further color variation. Furthermore, multiple sets of responsive colors are achieved from a single polymer layer by patterning the underlying substrate to spatially modify the interference conditions. Using this system, we demonstrate the reversible color changes induced by an oxidative or reductive environment with color responsivity controllable with the nature of the polaron state.

Higher fibular head is a risk for lateral hinge fracture in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy.

PURPOSE: To examine the association between the hinge position, fibular head position, and type III lateral hinge fracture (LHF) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). METHODS: This retrospective study examined patients who underwent MOWHTO. Radiographically, the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) classification, distance between the articular surface and the tip of the fibular head (fibular head position), hinge point (hinge position), type of LHF, and safe zone (within the proximal tibiofibular joint) outlier were evaluated. To determine the cut-off value of the hinge position and fibular head position associated with type III LHF, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated from the obtained cut-off values using logistic regression, which was adjusted by age, gender, body mass index, and opening distance. RESULTS: Among 132 knees in 120 patients, the radiographic severity of knee OA was 19 (14%), 73 (55%), and 40 (30%) of K/L grades 2, 3, and 4, respectively. LHF was observed in 40 knees (30%), including types I, II, and III fractures in 21 (16%), 5 (4%), and 14 (11%) knees, respectively. Hinge and fibular head positions were 16 and 10 mm, respectively, with significant correlation. Safe zone outlier was observed in 38 knees (29%). The hinge and fibular head positions with type III LHF were significantly higher (more cranial) than those with no fracture or other LHF subtypes. The ROC curve revealed that the cut-off value for the hinge and fibular head positions was 13.3 and 8.6 mm, respectively. The OR of the hinge and fibular head positions was 22.42 and 13.86, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A higher hinge position was a risk factor for type III LHF and was associated with a higher fibular head in patients with knee OA who underwent MOWHTO. The hinge position should be placed at a certain distance from the articular surface to avoid type III LHF, especially in participants with higher fibular head position, even if the hinge position is located in the safe zone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Retrospective cohort study, Level III.

Research Topic Trends on Turnover Intention among Korean Registered Nurses: An Analysis Using Topic Modeling.

This study aimed to explore research topic trends on turnover intention among Korean hospital nurses by analyzing the keywords and topics of related articles. Methods: This text-mining study collected, processed, and analyzed text data from 390 nursing articles published between 1 January 2010 and 30 June 2021 that were collected via search engines. The collected unstructured text data were preprocessed, and the NetMiner program was used to perform keyword analysis and topic modeling. Results: The word with the highest degree centrality was "job satisfaction", the word with the highest betweenness centrality was "job satisfaction", and the word with the highest closeness centrality and frequency was "job stress". The top 10 keywords in both the frequency analysis and the 3 centrality analyses included "job stress", "burnout", "organizational commitment", "emotional labor", "job", and "job embeddedness". The 676 preprocessed key words were categorized into five topics: "job", "burnout", "workplace bullying", "job stress", and "emotional labor". Since many individual-level factors have already been thoroughly investigated, future research should concentrate on enabling successful organizational interventions that extend beyond the microsystem.

Hip abduction angle after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy is associated with the timed up & go test and recurrence of varus alignment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the hip abduction angle (HAA) and lower limb alignment as well as the clinical assessments in open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) patients. A total of 90 patients who underwent OWHTO were included. The demographic characteristics and clinical assessments (the Visual Analogue Scale for activities of daily living, the Japanese knee osteoarthritis measure, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Knee Society score, the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, the single standing (SLS) test and muscle strength) were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups according to the HAA at 1 month after operation: the HAA (-) group (HAA < 0°) and the HAA (+) group (HAA ≥ 0°). Clinical scores except for the SLS test and radiographic parameters except for the posterior tibia slope (PTS), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) and lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) were significantly improved at 2 years postoperatively. Regarding the two groups, scores on the TUG test in the HAA (-) group were significantly lower than those in the HAA (+) group (p = 0.011). The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), weight bearing line (WBLR) and knee joint line obliquity (KJLO) in the HAA (-) group were significantly higher than those in the HAA (+) group (p < 0.001, 0.001 and p = 0.025). In contrast, the LDFA in the HAA (-) group were significantly lower than those in the HAA (+) group (p < 0.001). The TUG test and the LDFA were weakly positively correlated with the HAA (r = 0.34, 0.42, p < 0.001 and 0.001). In contrast, the HKA, WBLR and KJLO had a weak negative correlation with the HAA (r = - 0.43, - 0.38 and - 0.37, p < 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001). This study showed the postoperative HAA was significantly associated with the TUG test and the HKA, WBLR, LDFA, and KJLO. A higher postoperative HAA might induce varus recurrence and poor outcomes of the gait parameter.

Active modulation of reflective structural colors.

Dynamically controllable reflective structural colors have been garnering growing attention due to increasing commercial interests in smart displays (e.g., colorimetric labels), colored e-readers, etc. To comply with the requirements of future displays, several strategies have been proposed by various research groups to achieve wide color tuning ranges in the visible regime, high on/off contrast ratios, and fast response times. In this review, we first introduce ways to create optical resonances including plasmonic, photonic, and plasmonic-photonic hybrid structures that form the basis of color generation. We then outline strategies that control the refractive index contrast between the system and the surrounding as a means to actively change the reflective structural colors, backed with representative examples from the literature. Finally, we provide a comparison of dynamic structural colors based on various switching mechanisms summarizing performance metrics that are important for future displays, and conclude with an outlook on current challenges.

Free-standing two-dimensional sheets of polymer-linked nanoparticles.

Here, we report a simple and general approach to fabricate free-standing two-dimensional (2D) sheets of nanoparticles by the simultaneous self-assembly of hydrophobic nanoparticles and hydrophilic polymers at the liquid-liquid interface. The nanoparticle-polymer interaction at the interface generates well-defined 2D sheets of densely packed nanoparticles with a lateral dimension of tens of micrometers. The nanosheets transferred in water are stable over months without any additional cross-linking step. The method is applicable for a broad range of nanoparticles including oxide, semiconductor, and metal nanoparticles as well as functional polymers.

Active electrochemical high-contrast gratings as on/off switchable and color tunable pixels.

To be viable for display applications, active structural colors must be electrically tunable, on/off switchable, and reversible. Independently controlling the first two functions, however, is difficult because of causality that ties the real and imaginary parts of the optical constants or changing overlap of fields during structural variations. Here, we demonstrate an active reflective color pixel that encompasses separate mechanisms to achieve both functions reversibly by electrochemically depositing and dissolving Cu inside the dielectric grating slits on a Pt electrode with ΔV < 3 V. Varying the modal interference via Cu occupancy in the slits changes the CIE space coverage by up to ~72% under cross-polarized imaging. In the same pixel, depolarization and absorption by the dissolving porous Cu switches the color off with a maximum contrast of ~97%. Exploiting these results, we demonstrate an active color-switching display and individually addressable on/off pixel matrix that highlights their potential in reflective display applications.

Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions associated with HPV vaccination among female Korean and Chinese university students.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a form of primary prevention for cervical cancer. The HPV vaccination rate of female university students is not high in Korea and China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and compare the factors associated with intention to receive HPV vaccination between Korean and Chinese female university students. METHODS: The participants were 273 Korean and 317 Chinese female university students who had not been vaccinated for HPV, and data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire about attitudes toward HPV vaccination, HPV knowledge, perceptions of HPV infection, and intention to receive HPV vaccine. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the Korean and Chinese female university students in HPV knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and vaccination intention. The factors influencing the intention of HPV vaccination in Korean students were a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccine and a high HPV knowledge score. For Chinese students, sexual experience, awareness of genital warts, a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccine, a high HPV knowledge scores, a perception of the seriousness of HPV infection, and negative emotions regarding HPV infection were significant factors. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to improve attitudes and knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine in order to enhance HPV vaccination both in Korea and China. Perceived seriousness and negative emotions regarding HPV infection should be used as a framework to develop subject-tailored interventions in China.

Phubbing as a Millennials' New Addiction and Relating Factors Among Nursing Students.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated phubbing (the act of ignoring one's companion or companions to pay attention to one's smartphone) and examined the factors affecting phubbing among nursing students in South Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and a self-reported questionnaire was used. Data were collected from 200 nursing students in two cities. Self-administered questionnaires included demographic data, smartphone addiction, media multitasking motivation, interpersonal competency, and phubbing. RESULTS: Phubbing was positively correlated with smartphone addiction (r=0.41, p<0.001) and media multitasking motivation (r=0.16, p<0.05), and negatively correlated with interpersonal competence (r=-0.51, p<0.001). Factors influencing nursing students' phubbing were interpersonal competency (ß=-0.59, p<0.001), media multitasking motivation (ß=0.24, p<0.001), smartphone addiction (ß=0.19, p<0.01) and interpersonal relationships (ß=0.14, p<0.05). The model including these variables accounted for 43% of variance in phubbing. CONCLUSION: Nursing students showed a moderate level of phubbing, and interpersonal competency was an important factor for reducing their phubbing of nursing students. Since phubbing occurs frequently among nursing students, educators in nursing are required to develop and implement active interventional measures to help nursing students avoid phubbing and improve their interpersonal relationships by increasing their empathic ability and communication skills.

Phylogenetic Comparison and Characterization of an mcr-1-Harboring Complete Plasmid Genome Isolated from Enterobacteriaceae.

Global dissemination of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr)-1-carrying plasmids has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the global dissemination of these plasmids using whole genome sequencing to provide better understanding on genetic characteristics. Sixty-seven complete plasmid genomes harboring mcr-1 were obtained. Phylogeny was built against full plasmid genomes. Different replicon types of plasmid were compared in terms of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), insertion sequence, and other functional genes. Five different replicon types of plasmid (IncX4, IncI2, IncP1, IncHIA, and IncFIB) were found to harbor mcr-1. IncX4 and IncI2 types of plasmid were well clustered in accordance with the country where they were isolated (and not as IncHIA and IncFIB). Three insertion sequences (ISApl1, ISKpn26, and IS1294) were identified in up- and/or downstream of mcr-1. Plasmids IncX4 and IncI2 were observed across the sample origin. Plasmids IncX4 showed high uniformity regardless of the origin of isolates and harbored H-NS coding genes, a facilitator for successful plasmid transfer. All three insertion sequences were observed in IncI2 plasmids. IncHI2 plasmids harbored various ARGs in addition to mcr-1. Our results elucidate the characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of complete mcr-1-harboring plasmids, indicating that global dissemination of mcr-1 is primarily owing to plasmid transfer rather than clonal spread.

Psychological Patient-reported outcome measure after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Evaluation of subcategory in ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale.

BACKGROUND: It has been recognized that psychological factors influence the return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The ACL-return to sports after injury (RSI) scale was developed based on subcategories of emotions, confidence in physical performance and risk appraisal. However, it has not been clarified describing which is the most influential psychological factor of the ACL-RSI scale. HYPOTHESIS: Risk appraisal is the most influent for return to sports in the subcategories of the ACL-RSI scale. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 85 competitive patients who had undergone ACLR were evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. They were classified the return to sports (RTS) group and non-return to sports (NRTS) group. Evaluations were several clinical and functional scores including Cincinnati knee rating system, Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm score, limitation in activities of daily living (ADL) and sports which estimated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Isokinetic Muscle Strength (quadriceps and hamstrings), single hop test and anterior laxity. They were investigated their relationship with the ACL-RSI scale including each subcategory. RESULTS: The total ACL-RSI scale significantly improved at each point. Of the subcategories, only risk appraisal was not significantly different at each point (p=0.21 and p=0.13). There was a significant difference at 24 months after ACLR between the RTS group and NRTS group. In terms of risk appraisal, compared with emotion and performance confidence, the difference in the mean value was the most divergent (RTS group: 55.9±22.7 and NRTS group: 23.8±19.3) and took time to improve through 24 months. Among various clinical and functional scores, there were significant differences in the VAS score for sports, KOOS-symptoms, sports and QOL, Cincinnati Knee Rating System-cut, and single hop test values between two groups. Of these, the KOOS-QOL and VAS score for sports showed particularly strong correlations with ACL-RSI risk appraisal (r=0.75 and -0.68, respectively). CONCLUSION: Of the ACL-RSI scale, risk appraisal took the longest time to improve and strongly affected the return to sports. The KOOS-QOL and VAS score for sports were most strongly correlated with the ACL-RSI risk appraisal. It seems that it is important to reduce the psychological risk as soon as possible after ACL injury in ACLR patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

A bone bruise at the lateral and medial tibial plateau with an anterior cruciate ligament injury is associated with a meniscus tear.

PURPOSE: Bone bruises with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are well studied, but the association between bone bruises and multiple factors is unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the association between bone bruising and ACL injury and concomitant injury as well as clinical and functional scores. The second objective was to investigate the presence and distribution patterns of bone bruises. METHOD: A total of 176 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction for primary ACL injury were included. The demographic characteristics and responses to clinical and functional assessments (the Visual Analog Scale for activities of daily living and sports, the Cincinnati Knee Rating System, the Lysholm score, the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and side-to-side difference in anterior laxity) were recorded at the initial visit. Concomitant injuries were evaluated by intraoperative assessment. RESULTS: Bone bruises were detected in 141 patients (80.1%). The lateral femoral condyle (LFC) was the most common site in 116 patients (65.9%), followed by the lateral tibial plateau (LTP) in 82 patients (46.6%), medial tibial plateau (MTP) in 47 patients (26.7%) and medial femoral condyle (MFC) in 29 patients (16.5%). Regarding the distribution patterns, bone bruising at only the LFC, which was the most common pattern, was detected in 38 patients (27.0%). Bone bruising at the LTP or MTP was significantly associated with lateral (LM) and medial meniscus (MM) tears (odds ratios 4.0, 3.0, 4.3 and 40.5, 95% confidence intervals 1.5-11.6, 1.2-15.1, 1.2-17.3 and 8.6-283.0, respectively). No marked differences in the functional or clinical scores were noted. The severity of bone bruising at the MTP was significantly associated with MM tears and that at the LTP was significantly associated with LM tears. (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed association between bone bruising at LTP and LM tears or at MTP and MM tears. Additionally, it provided detailed information on the presence and distribution patterns of bone bruises at each anatomic site. These findings are clinically relevant and will aid in preoperatively diagnosing meniscus tears in cases of ACL injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.

Comparison of metabolic syndrome and related factors in married pre-menopausal white- and blue-collar woman.

This study aimed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in pre-menopausal married women with white-collar and blue-collar jobs. This study analyzed 4,447 women with jobs in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2018). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher among blue-collar women (15.3%) than among white-collar women (10.5%). Age, family type, alcohol consumption, frequency of high-risk drinking, perceived health status, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in the white-collar (p < .05). Age, family type, frequency of eating out, and BMI were associated in the blue-collar (p < .05). Blue-collar women were more vulnerable to metabolic syndrome than white-collar ones. To prevent metabolic syndrome in pre-menopausal married women with jobs, lifestyle modifications such as mitigating obesity and reducing alcohol consumption with aging are necessary.

Clinical and radiographic results after ACL reconstruction using an adjustable-loop device.

BACKGROUND: The femoral cortical suspension device such as fixed loop devices (FLD) and adjustable-loop device (ALD) are used for ACLR technique in recent days. However, there was few studies of clinical and radiographic results for ACLR using ALD. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical and radiographic results, stability and bone tunnel enlargement after ACLR using a ToggleLoc with a zip loop as ALD. METHODS: 80 patients who had data available from the most recent follow-up at ≥2 years since ACLR were evaluated both clinical and radiographic results. They were divided into single bundle reconstruction group (SBR) and double bundle reconstruction group (DBR). Clinical scores were included subjective scores and objective scores at pre- and postoperatively 2 years. The subjective scores were the Cincinnati knee rating system, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (RSI) scale. The objective scores were the isokinetic muscle strength, side-to-side difference in anterior instability and single hop test. In radiographical assessment, femoral and tibial tunnel enlargement was evaluated by three-dimensional computed tomography. RESULTS: In both SBR and DBR group, the postoperative subjective scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative values, except for the Tegner activity score. Similarly, the side-to-side differences in muscle strength, anterior instability and single hop test were significantly improved after surgery. The changes in the femoral and tibial tunnel maximum cross section areas of SBR were 104.3 % ± 21.2 % and 89.2 % ± 15.2 %, respectively, at 2 years post-operatively. In DBR, in the femoral bone volume change of the antero medial (AM) and postero lateral (PL) bundle were 107.0 ± 3.5 % and 108.1 ± 3.3, and in the tibial bone volume change of AM and PL bundle were 90.6 ± 3.3 % and 87.0 ± 4.2 %. At the femoral site, the rate of tunnel enlargement increased for the first 12 months and then decreased through 24 months postoperatively. At the tibial site, by contrast, the rate of tunnel enlargement decreased consistently over the two-year postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to include clinical data on ACLR using a ToggleLoc with a zip loop device. ACLR using these devices as ALDs resulted in good clinical outcomes and provided good stability of the knee with relatively little bone tunnel enlargement in both SBR and DBR group.

Trends in Nursing Research on Infections: Semantic Network Analysis and Topic Modeling.

BACKGROUND: Many countries around the world are currently threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, and nurses are facing increasing responsibilities and work demands related to infection control. To establish a developmental strategy for infection control, it is important to analyze, understand, or visualize the accumulated data gathered from research in the field of nursing. METHODS: A total of 4854 articles published between 1978 and 2017 were retrieved from the Web of Science. Abstracts from these articles were extracted, and network analysis was conducted using the semantic network module. RESULTS: 'wound', 'injury', 'breast', "dressing", 'temperature', 'drainage', 'diabetes', 'abscess', and 'cleaning' were identified as the keywords with high values of degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and closeness centrality; hence, they were determined to be influential in the network. The major topics were 'PLWH' (people living with HIV), 'pregnancy', and 'STI' (sexually transmitted infection). CONCLUSIONS: Diverse infection research has been conducted on the topics of blood-borne infections, sexually transmitted infections, respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and bacterial infections. STIs (including HIV), pregnancy, and bacterial infections have been the focus of particularly intense research by nursing researchers. More research on viral infections, urinary tract infections, immune topic, and hospital-acquired infections will be needed.

Individual and organizational factors influencing workplace cyberbullying of nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Workplace cyberbullying has emerged as a new issue. This study aimed to explore individual and organizational factors that affect nurses' workplace cyberbullying in hospital settings. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-report questionnaire. Three tertiary and 18 general hospitals were selected from one city in Korea. A total of 270 nurses with 6 months to 10 years of experience in the current department were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with cyberbullying. Workplace cyberbullying was affected by self-labeled victimization due to face-to-face bullying, subjective health level, years of experience as a nurse (ß = 0.148, p = 0.009), and relation-oriented nursing organizational culture. Face-to-face bullying must be addressed to prevent workplace cyberbullying. It is important to assist nurses to maintain good health-considering that, new nurses with less than 1 year of experience are vulnerable to being victimized. Effective prevention strategies should be prepared to control workplace cyberbullying in clinical practice.

Risk factor for venous thromboembolism after high tibial osteotomy -analysis of patient demographics, medical comorbidities, operative valuables, and clinical results.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for VTEs after HTO based on patient demographics, medical comorbidities, operative valuables, and clinical results. METHODS: A total of 137 patients were assessed VTEs using ultrasonography at 1 week after HTO. The risk factors for postoperative VTEs were to assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of VTEs after HTO was 25.5%. Postoperative single leg standing test was independent predictors of VTEs after HTO. CONCLUSION: The incidence of VTEs after HTO is relatively high and Postoperative knee function is important for preventing VTEs after HTO. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Ⅱ, Prospective comparative study.