Influence of a 12-month supervised, intensive resistance, aerobic and impact exercise intervention on muscle strength in prostate cancer patients undergoing anti-hormone therapy: Study protocol for the randomized, controlled Burgdorf study.

INTRODUCTION: Reduced testosterone levels due to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer patients cause common side effects, such as reduced muscle strength and bone density, increased fat mass, sexual dysfunction and fatigue. Short-term exercise during ADT has proven to be safe and effective in exhibiting a positive impact on body composition, sexual dysfunction and fatigue. However, there are only three randomized controlled trials that investigate one-year supervised impact exercise interventions, none of which examined follow-up effects after the intervention. Therefore, this study will conduct a one-year impact exercise intervention and assess follow-up effects up to one year later. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the randomized, controlled Burgdorf study is to assess the effects of a supervised 12-month intensive multimodal exercise intervention in comparison to a moderate aerobic exercise intervention, on muscle strength in prostate cancer patients receiving ADT. Additionally, quality of life, fatigue, body composition, erectile dysfunction, bone pain, physical activity level, endurance capacity, body-mass-index, waist and hip circumference and prostate-specific antigen- and testosterone levels will be assessed up to one year later. DISCUSSION: The Burgdorf study is the first study to conduct two different one-year supervised exercise interventions, and follow-up with patients for up to one year after the intervention. Results could provide important insights into the long-term effects of interventions on those parameters negatively affected by ADT, which could specify or newly establish care structures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00009975. Registered 2016-02-09, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00009975.

[Non-infectious unilateral wing lameness of pigeons, so called "Schieffliegersyndrom". First clinical and pathological results]. / Belastungsbedingte, nichtinfektiöse unilaterale Buggelenksarthropathie der Brieftauben ("Schieffliegersyndrom"). Erste Resultate zu klinischen Symptomen und pathologischen Veränderungen.

OBJECTIVE: After medium- and long-distance flights and following the first training units of the year, a unilateral injuring of the shoulder joint is observed in racing pigeons. The objective of the study was to discuss the pathogenesis and aetiology of the damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 35 pigeons suffering from unilateral wing lameness, the affected shoulder joints were examined microbiologically and histopathologically. Additionally, both shoulder joints of 12 affected pigeons were examined pathologically and histopathologically. RESULTS: Joint capsule, articular cartilage, tendons and bone structures displayed pathological changes. CONCLUSION: The non-infectious unilateral wing lameness of pigeons appears to be a stress-induced mechanical damage of the shoulder joint. The different structures of the joint are over-extended by the physical/mechanical influences during longer flights.

Tooth discolouration and internal bleaching after the use of triple antibiotic paste.

AIM: To assess the discolouration of teeth with closed and open apices after placement of triple antibiotic paste (TAP, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline) in the pulp chamber and whether discolouration could be reversed by internal bleaching procedures. METHODOLOGY: Twenty extracted human mandibular premolars were divided into 2 groups (n = 10): teeth with closed apices (CA) and teeth with open apices (OA). After conventional access, the TAP was sealed in the pulp chamber for 3 weeks. The paste was removed by a rinse with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and a mixture of sodium perborate and distilled water was sealed in the pulp chamber for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The shade was measured by a spectrophotometer at six time periods: baseline (T0), after 3 weeks of placement of TAP (T1), after removal of TAP with a NaOCl rinse (T2) and after 1 (T3), 2 (T4) and 3 (T5) weeks of internal bleaching with sodium perborate paste. Data were collected based on the CIELAB-CIE1976 (L*a*b*) system and analysed using t-tests and anova. RESULTS: A significant decrease in the mean values of L* (lightness) was observed after treatment with TAP (T1, P < 0.05). Considerable increases in these values after bleaching with sodium perborate (T3 < T4 < T5) were found in both groups. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was between T1 and T2, in which ΔE values in the OA group were higher (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: TAP discoloured the tooth structure, but discolouration could be reversed with sodium perborate paste. In general, teeth with closed and open apices had the same rates of discolouration and bleaching.

Comparison of the apple vinegar with other chelating solutions on smear layer and calcium ions removal from the root canal.

BACKGROUND: The action of endodontic instruments during biomechanical preparation results in smear layer formation. Removing the smear layer enhances disinfection into dentinal tubules in addition to allowing tridimensional sealing of the root canal system. AIM: This study was designed to evaluate the smear layer removal and quantify the calcium ion release resulting from final irrigation with different chelating solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty human canines were instrumented and the final irrigation was performed with apple vinegar, 5% malic acid, 5% acetic acid, 17% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), and distilled water (control), which were collected and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry to quantify the concentration of calcium ions released. Smear layer removal was assessed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds by SEM. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between 17% EDTA and the other solutions with regard to smear layer removal. Apple vinegar, 5% malic acid, and 5% acetic acid promoted similar root canal cleaning. There was no statistical difference among the root canal thirds. The highest concentrations of calcium ions were obtained with 17% EDTA (P<0.001) followed by malic acid, apple vinegar, and acetic acid. Apple vinegar and acetic acid removed the smallest quantity of calcium ions. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that 17% EDTA enabled greater smear layer removal and promoted release of the highest concentrations of calcium ions than the other solutions tested.

[Hypertensive crisis in infancy and childhood]. / Die hypertensive Krise im Kindes- und Jugendalter.

The extended physical examination of a patient includes measurement of blood pressure. In infancy and childhood the blood pressure measurement may be difficult due to an uncooperative and restless patient. In a 16-month-old girl apparently unmeasurable blood pressure was a hypertensive crisis with systolic blood pressure of more than 200 mmHg. The cause of the hypertension was found to be a nephroblastoma. In the case of rapidly progressive arterial hypertension in another 16-month-old girl with left ventricular dilatation and reduced function was a consequence of kidney dysplasia. Headache attacks lead to diagnosis of a subtotal coarctation of the aortic isthmus in a 17-year-old boy. Hypertensive crisis in infancy, childhood and adolescence is discussed based on these case reports. Special features of blood pressure measurement in the pediatric age group, pathogenesis of hypertensive crisis and the potential therapies are discussed incorporating a brief review of the literature.

[Bilateral AION after the combined therapy of hepatitis C with PEG-interferon alpha2B and ribavirin]. / Beidseitige AION nach einer Kombinationstherapie mit PEG-Interferon Alpha-2 b und Ribavirin bei Hepatitis C.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C-therapy is limited to the combined use of PEG-ylated interferons and ribavirin. Side effects of this therapy include retinal changes that manifest with bleeding, cotton wool spots and/or thrombosis. PATIENT: A 51-year-old man presented with a sudden decrease of visual acuity. Chronic hepatitis C was known for the duration of 6 months and treated for 3 months with a combined therapy of PEG-interferon alpha2B and ribavirin. A sudden visual loss occurred in the right eye and bilateral visual field defects were detected. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed bilateral papilloedema. After withdrawal of PEG-interferon alpha2B and ribavirin, a standard haemodilution therapy was started without functional improvement. After papilloedema regression, a beginning secondary atrophy of the optic nerve was diagnosed bilaterally. Vision did not improve. CONCLUSION: The ocular side effects of combined hepatitis C therapy with PEG-interferon alpha2B and ribavirin range from mild retinal changes to severely impaired vision. Treatment should be carried out in co-operation with an ophthalmologist. With respect to the uncertain effectiveness of hepatitis C therapy with interferon alpha2B and ribavirin, therapy should be stopped as soon as severe ophthalmological complications occur.

[Measuring corneal volume. A possible quality parameter in cataract surgery?]. / Messung des Hornhautvolumens. Ein möglicher Qualitätsparameter in der Kataraktchirurgie?

BACKGROUND: Phacoemulsification of the lens induces changes in the inner corneal architecture. This study quantified the corneal pre- and postoperative volumes. METHODS: Corneal volume was measured by noninvasive corneal topography using Orbscan. Following phacoemulsification with lens implantation, 56 eyes of 55 persons were examined by three Orbscan tests: preoperatively and 6 h and 24 h after cataract surgery. Healon was used as viscoelastic medium. RESULTS: The mean corneal volume in the 3-mm central corneal diameter was 4.64 mm3 preoperatively, 5.36 mm3 6 h postoperatively, and 5.05 mm3 24 h postoperatively. Corneal volume thus increased by 0.72 mm3 within 6 h after phacoemulsification and decreased by 0.31 mm3 over the following 18 h. CONCLUSION: Orbscan offers a noninvasive method for obtaining useful and accurate information in defining the corneal volume. This method may represent a new parameter for describing the function of corneal endothelial cells in cataract surgery.

Three-dimensional ultrasound findings of the posterior iris region.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the benefit of the three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy in examination of the posterior iris and ciliary body. METHODS: Three-dimensional visualisation of the anterior eye section was achieved through extension of the existing ultrasound biomicroscope system (Humphrey Instruments). Visualisation of posterior iris and ciliary body pathologies in three patients was performed with a three-dimensional reconstruction technique of B-scans. RESULTS: The extended ultrasound system provided three-dimensional visualisation of alterations of the posterior iris region, i.e. iris cysts, ciliary body cysts and solid tumours of the ciliary body and iris. CONCLUSIONS: The three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy yields extended diagnostic findings regarding iris and ciliary body pathology. This method offers an improved assessment of the posterior surface of the iris and the volume of the ciliary body. Furthermore, these data can be useful for procedures in computer simulation and calculation for a better understanding of the function of the ciliary body in the accommodation process.

Effects of a monoclonal antibody to P-selectin on recovery of neonatal lamb hearts after cold cardioplegic ischemia.

BACKGROUND: The interaction between endothelium and leukocytes plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. P-selectin, which is expressed on activated endothelium, mediates the first step in leukocyte adherence to the endothelium. This study examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against P-selectin on the recovery of cardiac function and myocardial neutrophil infiltration after ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen blood-perfused, isolated neonatal lamb hearts underwent 2 hours of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and 2 hours of reperfusion. Immediately before reperfusion, mAb to P-selectin was administered to the perfusate (15 micrograms/mL) in 6 hearts (group P-sel). In control (n = 7), the same volume of saline was added. Isovolumic left ventricular function and coronary blood flow were measured. At 2 hours after reperfusion, myocardial myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil accumulation, was assayed. At 30 minutes of reperfusion, hearts treated with mAb to P-selectin achieved significantly greater recovery of maximum developed pressure (70 +/- 4% in control versus 77 +/- 2% in group P-sel, P < 0.01), maximum positive first derivative of pressure (dP/dt) (64 +/- 7% in control versus 73 +/- 5% in group P-sel, P < 0.05), and maximum negative dP/dt (61 +/- 6% in control versus 70 +/- 6% in group P-sel, P < 0.05) compared with control. Percent baseline of coronary blood flow was also significantly increased in group P-sel (135 +/- 40% in control versus 205 +/- 43% in group P-sel, P < 0.05). Myocardial myeloperoxidase activity was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in group P-sel (4.7 +/- 3.2) versus control (16.0 +/- 10.1). (Units are change in absorbance/min/g tissue.) CONCLUSIONS: The functional blockade of P-selectin resulted in better recovery of cardiac function and attenuated neutrophil accumulation during early reperfusion. Strategies to block P-selectin mediated neutrophil adherence may have clinical application in improving myocardial function at early reperfusion.

Toxicity testing of heavy metals with the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: High sensitivity to cadmium and arsenic compounds.

Legume root nodules are the site of biological nitrogen fixation in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Nodules are structures unique to this symbiosis and they are morphologically as well as physiologically distinct from other plant organs. Organic substances affecting the macro- or microsymbionts vitality, such as PAHs (WETZEL: et al., 1991), reduce nodulation even before visible damage to the plant can be detected. We present data that the formation of nodules (nodulation) may also serve for ecotoxicological evaluation of heavy metals in different binding states. Tests were performed in petri dishes with alfalfa (lucerne) seedlings inoculated with Rhizobium meliloti. Cultivation took place in growth cabinets with carefully standardized and documented growth conditions. Data from stressed plants was recorded after 14 days of cultivation on contaminated substrate. A dose responsive decrease in nodulation was found after application of cadmium acetate, cadmium iodide, cadmium chloride, sodium salts of arsenate and arsenite, arsenic pentoxide, and lead nitrate, whereas lead acetate showed no effect up to a concentration of 3 microM. The dose response curves were used to calculate EC10, EC50 and EC90 values. EC50 values for cadmium compounds range from 1.5 to 9.5 pM. Testing different arsenic compounds results in EC50 from 2.6 to 20.1 microM. EC50 of lead nitrate is 2.2 microM. The sensitivity, reproducibility and reliability of this test system is discussed compared to established biotests.

[Causes of illness in young dogs in necropsy files (1980-1993)]. / Erkrankungsursachen junger Hunde im Sektionsgut (1980-1993).

Between 1980 and 1993 a total of 10,090 dogs was dissected at the Institute for Veterinary Pathology of the Freie Universität of Berlin. 2956 (29.3%) of the dogs were younger than 18 months. Age-, breed- and sex distribution as well as death causes were examined. The main death causes were viral infectious diseases (51.76%), especially parvovirus infections (26.73%), canine distemper (18.81%), as well as congenital defects (6.36%). It could be shown that Rottweilers and German Shepherds carried an increased risk of parvovirus infections and that several miniature breeds showed a propensity for congenital defects.

[Generalized ceroid lipofuscinosis in cocker spaniels]. / Generalisierte Zeroid-Lipofuszinose bei Cocker-Spanieln.

Results of macroscopic, microscopic and electronmicroscopic investigations of two cocker spaniels with generalized ceroid-lipofuscinosis are recorded. In the nerve system, the lipofuscin granules were mainly localized, primarily in nervous cells and secondarily in glial cells of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Extraneuronal lipofuscin granules were found in the smooth muscle fibres (bowel, bladder, trabeculae of the spleen, prostata etc.) and also in the cells of the exocrine pancreas. Electronmicroscopically the lipofuscin granules in the neurons and in the smooth muscle fibres showed the 'typical' structure of lipofuscin, whereas in macrophages and glial cells the lipofuscin appeared as fingerprint-like, pleomorphic, curvilinear and multi-membranous bodies.

[Indications and incidence of spongiosa transplantation in open fractures: analysis of 470 open fractures]. / Indikationen und Häufigkeit von Spongiosatransplantationen bei offenen Frakturen: Analyse von 470 offenen Frakturen.

From a prospective series of 651 open fractures, treated at the institution of the authors in the years 1984-1989, 124 cancellous bone grafts in 470 open long bone fractures--651 open fractures excluding amputation after Type III open fractures, excluding traumatic amputations and open fractures of the ankle joint and foot--were analyzed using approximately 155 variables per individual fracture to deduct the influencing factors for indication and frequency of bone grafts. As a result of this analysis it could be shown that bone grafting depends significantly on variables describing the bone injury as well as the type of fixation used. The frequency of bone grafts in this series was much higher than stated in the literature. The time of surgery for bone grafting depends on the type of fixation used, the concomitant soft tissue injury and the amount of primary bone loss. In contrast to the literature the analysis revealed that for good indications the use of allogeneous bone grafts in open fractures is possible.

[Globular periodontal cement dysplasia in a black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)]. / Globuläre periodontale Zementdysplasien bei einem Spitzmaulnashorn (Diceros bicornis).

A globular periodontal cementous dysplasia in a 18 years old black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is diagnosed by gross pathology, X-ray, and by histological examinations. The findings are discussed.

[Surgical interventions of the nail organ]. / Operative Eingriffe am Nagelorgan.

The nails are the largest appendage of the skin. They provide protection of the tactile regions of the fingers; moreover, well cared-for nails are an attribute of beauty. Operations of the nails should, therefore, regard both functional and cosmetic aspects. Surgical procedures are indicated in the case of nail deformities, bacterial or mycotic infections, as well as pigmentation of the nail wall or plate, and periungual or subungual tumors, which are always suspicious of malignant melanoma. All operations of the nail region can be performed in Oberst's anesthesia. We recommend the preoperative application of a tourniquet to stop the blood flow.