[Rare kidney tumor - thyroid-like follicular carcinoma]. / Redkaya opukhol' pochki ­ tireoidopodobnaya follikulyarnaya kartsinoma.

The literature review provides an analysis of a rare malignant tumor of the kidney: thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK). In morphology, this tumor is extremely similar to thyroid follicular carcinoma, but the immunophenotype of tumor cells is different. TLFCK has an indolent clinical course, rarely metastasizes, and even the development of metastases does not mean an unfavorable prognosis for the patient. The literature review presents the features of the clinical course of the disease, macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor and typical cytogenetic breakdowns. Particular attention is paid to the issues of differential diagnosis of the tumor with other pathological processes that may microscopically resemble TLFCK.

[Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney]. / Tireoidopodobnaya follikulyarnaya kartsinoma pochki.

Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney (TLFCK) is an extremely rare histological variant of renal cell carcinoma, not yet included in the WHO list of tumors. This tumor has a characteristic morphological structure strikingly resembling follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, but differing from itby the immunophenotype of tumor cells. TLFCK is characterized by an indolent clinical course, rarely metastases, and even the presence of metastases does not lead to a worsening of the prognosis for the patient. Described a case of TLFCK diagnosed in a 38-year-old patient, observed clinically for 8 years, without metastases during this time, and removed by focal kidney resection. The paper presents the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the tumor, immunohistochemical profile, and discusses the issues of differential diagnosis.

Biotechnological wound dressings based on bacterial cellulose and degradable copolymer P(3HB/4HB).

Hybrid wound dressings have been constructed using two biomaterials: bacterial cellulose (BC) and copolymer of 3-hydroxybutyric and 4-hydroxybutyric acids [P(3HB/4HB)] - a biodegradable polymer of microbial origin. Some of the experimental membranes were loaded with drugs promoting wound healing and epidermal cells differentiated from multipotent adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A study has been carried out to investigate the structure and physical/mechanical properties of the membranes. The in vitro study showed that the most effective scaffolds for growing fibroblasts were composite BC/P(3HB/4HB) films loaded with actovegin. Two types of the experimental biotechnological wound dressings - BC/P(3HB/4HB)/actovegin and BC/P(3HB/4HB)/fibroblasts - were tested in vivo, on laboratory animals with model third-degree skin burns. Wound planimetry, histological examination, and biochemical and molecular methods of detecting factors of angiogenesis, inflammation, type I collagen, and keratin 10 and 14 were used to monitor wound healing. Experimental wound dressings promoted healing more effectively than VoskoPran - a commercial wound dressing.

[Predictors of hepatic insufficiency in obstructive jaundice]. / Prediktory pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti pri mekhanicheskoi zheltukhe.

AIM: To develop predictive model for hepatic insufficiency in obstructive jaundice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Obstructive jaundice was modeled by the author's method on 48 mini pigs, while morpho-functional features of erythrocytes were studied by using of INTEGRA Aura atomic force microscope (NT-MDT, Zelenograd, Russia). Histological specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Discriminant analysis was used to create predictive model for hepatic insufficiency. RESULTS: Mathematical model of hepatic insufficiency prediction has been developed. Sensitivity and specificity of this model were 94.1% and 74.2% respectively. Total percentage of correct predictions was 81.3%. CONCLUSION: Severe obstructive jaundice contributes erythrocyte's transformation from biconcave to dome-shaped followed by changes of its physical properties. Erythrocyte's volume and activity of cytolysis enzymes are the most informative to predict hepatic insufficiency. Our model allows us to diagnose this complication at early stages and to correct pre-, intra- and postoperative therapy.

[The study of effectiveness of polyhydroxyalkanoates based biodegradable stents in ureteropelvic segment pyeloplasty].

INTRODUCTION: Among urologic diseases, ureteropelvic segment stenosis with hydronephrosis is a common indication for instrumental or surgical correction. The restriction of urine flow with dilatation proximal to obstruction develops in 6.5-37% of cases at different times after the ureteral reconstruction. All this urges to develop and improve stents and search for effective ways to place stents and control their function. AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of polyhydroxyalkanoates based biodegradable stent compared with a commercial analogue in upper urinary tract drainage after ureteropelvic segment pyeloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphological and functional changes in the stented ureter were investigated in 45 male rabbits of "Soviet chinchilla" breed weighing 4550-5200 g that underwent stenting of ureteropelvic segment (UPS). The study used polymeric stents based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly-4-gidroksibutirotom P (3GB/4GB) and a mixture of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate with polycaprolactone II (3GB)/PCL with the inclusion of PCL 75%; the control material was polyurethane stents. Morphologic evaluation was conducted on ureteral fragments and UPSs in the area of the stent placement at 7, 14 and 28 days after operation. RESULTS: Throughout the experiment, excretory urography and spiral tomography in experimental groups showed no changes in the pelvicalyceal system after placing polymeric stents. The morphologic examination in the experimental group at day 28 after surgery revealed preserved longitudinal folding of ureteral mucosa and absence of muscle hypertrophy. Transitional epithelium had no signs of atrophy and desquamation, its mean thickness was 112.4+/-8.5 mm, whereas in the control group a productive inflammation resulting in sclerosis was found to develop. CONCLUSIONS: We conducted a comparative study of morphologic and functional changes in rabbit ureters after stenting using polyurethane stents (control group) and polymeric stents made of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly-4-hydroxybutyrate II (3GB /4GB) and a mixture of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate with polycaprolactone II (3Gb)/PCL (experimental group). Despite the difference in physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable PGA-based stents, the tissue response to both types of stent was comparable. Ureteral wall preserved longitudinal folds, there was no muscle layer hypertrophy, and mucous membrane had smooth contours with a uniform thickness of the transitional epithelium, whereas in the control group a productive inflammation resulting in sclerosis was found to develop.

Porous 3D implants of degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate used to enhance regeneration of rat cranial defect.

The study describes preparation and testing of porous 3D implants of natural degradable polymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid P(3HB) for regeneration of bone tissue defects. The ability of the P(3HB) implants to favor attachment and facilitate proliferation and directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was studied in the culture of MSCs isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Tissue-engineered hybrid systems (grafts) constructed using P(3HB) and P(3HB) in combination with osteoblasts were used in experiments on laboratory animals (n = 48) with bone defect model. The defect model (5 mm in diameter) was created in the rat parietal bone, and filling of the defect by the new bone tissue was monitored in the groups of animals with P(3HB) implants, with commercial material, and without implants (negative control). Computed tomography (CT) and histologic examination showed that after 120 days, in the group with the osteoblast-seeded P(3HB) implants, the defect was completely closed; in the group with the cell-free P(3HB) implants, the remaining defect was no more than 10% of the initial one (0.5 mm); in both the negative and positive controls, the size of the defect was about 1.0-1.2 mm. These results suggest that P(3HB) has good potential as osteoplastic material for reconstructive osteogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 566-577, 2017.

Russian study of morphological prognostic factors characterization in BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma.

Melanoma is one of the aggressive cancer types causing the majority of deaths in skin cancer patients. Mutational screening of the tumor revealed a number of driver mutations in oncogenes which enabled melanoma classification into a few molecular subtypes. BRAF is a key component of mitogen-activated kinase pathway; its activating mutation leads to accelerated melanoma cells proliferation, invasion and survival. Somatic mutations in BRAF were reported in various malignancies, including thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma. Specific features of BRAF-positive tumors could have clinical implications as mutational alterations may have an impact on the biological behavior of the tumor and prognosis of the disease. In the present study, the frequency of BRAF V600E mutation was evaluated in Russian patients with melanocytic lesions, of which 41.25% were primary melanoma and 60% were melanocytic nevi. Melanoma patients with trunk localization were of younger age in the BRAF-positive group as compared with BRAF-negative patients. Immunohistochemical evaluations of Ki-67 expression, as well as matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9, were found to be equal in BRAF-positive and BRAF-negative tumors. MMP-2/MMP-9 immunoreactivity was observed in stromal and/or melanocytic cells both in melanoma and nevi patients. Besides tumor cells, MMP-9 expression was observed in lymphocytes in 27.2% of BRAF-positive and in 19.1% of BRAF-negative patients. Histopathological prognostic markers (Breslow thickness, mitotic index, ulceration, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes pattern) did not show any differences depending on BRAF V600E mutational status. The frequency of BRAF-positive melanomas in Russian cohort is similar to other Caucasian population rates. BRAF V600E mutation harboring tumors are more often observed in younger patients without specific features of morphological prognostic factors.

[Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 affects the degree of lymphocytic infiltration and the expression levels of microRNA miR-21 and miR-let-7b in melanoma cells in vivo].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate changes in the trend of growth of primary tumor nodules, the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, and the expression levels of oncomicroRNA miR-21 and miR-let-7b when inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 13 (MMP-9 and MMP-13) in vivo in C57B16 mice with transplantable melanoma B-16. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tumor growth was evaluated measuring the volume of primary tumor nodules; the degree of lymphocytic infiltration was microscopically estimated using hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue specimens, by calculating intratumoral lymphocytes. The expression of oncomicroRNA was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: It was shown that MMP-9 and MMP-13 inhibition had no impact on the growth of primary tumor nodules; selective MMP-9 inhibition failed to affect the degree of lymphocytic infiltration of a primary tumor nodule and to change the expression of oncomicroRNA miR-21 and miR-let-7b; the concomitant inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-13 altered the immunogenic properties of melanoma, stimulated the lymphocytic infiltration of tumor nodules, and decreased the expression of oncomicroRNA miR-21 and miR-let-7b; the degree of lymphocytic infiltration of primary tumor nodules increased in the dynamics of a tumor process and the expression levels of oncomicroRNA remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: The concomitant inhibition of MMP-9 and MMP-13 affects prognosis and survival in skin melanoma.

[Endometrial vasculature in women with hydrosalpinx].

OBJECTIVE: To study the endometrial vasculature in women with hydrosalpinx and to determine a possible correlation between its state and the morphometric parameters of other structural components of the uterine mucosa. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The endometrium was studied in 20 patients with primary tubal infertility in hydrosalpinx. A control group included 20 women with established fertility and a regular menstrual cycle with a good obstetric and gynecological history. The spectrum of morphometric parameters included the relative volumes occupied by the endometrial glands and glandular epithelium; the height of the integumentary epithelium; and the number of stromal cells per mm2. Stereometric (glandular-stromal, epithelial-stromal) indices and epithelium/glandular lumen ratio were calculated. The endometrial vasculature was estimated by immunohistochemical assay of CD31- and CD34-expressing cells. RESULTS: There was a decrease in the specific volume occupied by positively stained vascular endotheliocytes and a predominance of the stromal component of the endometrium over its epithelial one. Correlations were found between the degree of development of the endometrial vasculature and endometrial glands, which reflects their normal relationships in the proliferation phase. In the study group, the correlation between the height of the integumentary epithelium and the development of the endometrial vasculature was moderately positive, which was absent in the control group where this correlation was strong and positive. The findings are evidence in favor of the negative impact of hydrosalpinx on the uterine mucosa. The found changes in the main endometrial structural components (vessels, glands, and stromal cells) reflect impaired mucosal maturation processes during the proliferation phase. The substantial negative impact of hydrosalpinx has an effect on the height of the integumentary epithelium of the endometrium. CONCLUSION: The given data suggest that there are significant and complex endometrial changes in hydrosalpinx. Suppressed angiogenesis is one of the key moments in the chain of impairments in the preparation of the uterine mucosa for implantation.

Morphological study of burn wound healing with the use of collagen-chitosan wound dressing.

Experiments on the model of thermal skin burn in rats showed that the use of wound dressing based on collagen-chitosan complex Kollakhit-Bol in local treatment of grade IIIb skin burns increased healing rate by accelerating the formation of granulation and fibrous connective tissues and reducing crust thickness in comparison with Kollakhit coating. Kollakhit-Bol provided targeted stimulation of reparative processes in the treatment of grade IIIb burns by creating favorable conditions for grafting full thickness skin transplant or dermal-epidermal skin equivalent. In the topical treatment of thermal burn, Kollakhit-Bol application shortened the phases of alteration and exudation and accelerated transition to the productive phase of the inflammatory process with phagocytosis and neoangiogenesis activation.

[Morphological characteristics of a second wave of cytotrophoblast invasion].

In the morphological studies of cytotrophoblast invasion into the uteroplacental area, the final activity of interstitial and intravascular cytotrophoblasts is usually limited to 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. The activity of cytotrophoblast invasion from 15 weeks to the end of pregnancy is morphologically and semiquantitatively assessed on the basis of a collection of scrapes from the uterine cavity and uteri amputated for myomas, early bleedings and iatrogenias (the conditional standard of pregnancy). The second wave of cytotrophoblast migration is first shown to peak at 17-24 weeks in the central zone of the uteroplacental area due to the simultaneously high activity of interstitial and intravascular cytotrophoblasts attacking the myometrial radial arteries. Then both components of cytotrophoblast invasion move to the marginal sites of the uteroplacental area where they are highly active up to 33-36 weeks. The gestational rearrangement of adjacent myometrial radial arteries in the center and around the periphery of the uteroplacental area results in a continuous rise in the volume of the uterine arterial blood entering the intervillous lacuna and hemochoreal exchange leads to adequate fetal nutrition and development. Impairments in the course of the second wave of a cytotrophoblast wave are of importance in interpreting the pathogenesis of severe obstetric complications, such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, miscarriage, and many others.

A method for introduction of magnetic nanoparticles into tissues by means of magnetic field gradient: an experimental study.

Targeted effects of magnetic nanoparticles were studied. Solution with iron-containing nanosubstance was applied to resected nasal bone and cartilage tissues. Magnetic field was generated by a Polus-101 device for low-frequency magnetotherapy, which provided permanent work of one inductor (10.14+/-19.56 mT). The results indicate that magnetic nanoparticles placed into magnetic field gradient penetrate into the thickness of the cartilage and bone tissues.

[Structural characteristics of tubal pregnancy]. / Structurnye osobennosti trubnoi beremennosti.

Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis of fallopian pregnancy is performed. Structural features of cytotrophoblastic invasion in both types of pregnancy are without principal differences. Immunohistochemically low level of estrogen and progesteron receptors in the uterine tube as compared to the uterus is established. Decidual reaction in a tube pregnancy is not developed in the majority of cases this could be a reason of a limitless invasion of cytotrophoblast and hemosalpinx development.

[Molecular mechanisms of regulation of cytotrophoblastic invasion in uteroplacental region]. / Molekuliarnye mekhanizmy reguliatsii tsitotrofoblasticheskoi invazii v matochno-platsentarnoi oblasti.

Cytotrophoblastic invasion is a unique, short-distance, tumor-like growth of specialized placental cells (symplastic complexes, cytotrophoblast) in the direction of uterine endo- and myometrium. After the primary invasion during the implantation the first (week 5-8) and the second (week 16-18) cytotrophoblast invasion waves take place which by arrosion of spiral arteries form permanent uterine-placental blood circulation.

[Chronic placental insufficiency and histogenesis of fetal thyroid in late spontaneous abortions]. / Khronicheskaia platsentarnaia nedostatochnost' i gistogenez shchitovidnoi zhelezy ploda pri pozdnikh samoproizvol'nykh abortakh.

The role of chronic placental insufficiency in the ontogenetic maturation of fetal thyroid gland was studied in 75 cases. The second trimester of physiologically normal and complicated by premature delivery pregnancies showed correlations between organometric and histiostereometric indices of placenta and thyroid gland. In case of chronic placental insufficiency depression of placental metabolic processes was found associated with discoordination of histogenesis of fetal thyroid gland, a decrease of specific capacity of its parenchyma and vessels, as well as with growth of stroma component value. These prove reduced histiofunctional properties and adaptive reactions of placenta.