Critical Clinical Evaluation of COVID-19 Patients with Tuberculosis in the Indian Sub-Continent.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) are infectious diseases that predominantly affect the respiratory system with common symptoms, such as cough, fever, and shortness of breath, making them dual burdens. METHODS: This review will discuss the characteristics of the coexistence of TB and new infectious illnesses to provide a framework for addressing the current epidemic. Currently, there are no clear and significant data on COVID-19 infection in TB patients, they may not respond appropriately to drug therapy and may have worse treatment outcomes, especially if their TB treatment is interrupted. Due to emergence, measurements should be taken to minimize TB and COVID-19 transmission in communal settings and health care institutions were created. For both TB and COVID-19, accurate diagnostic testing and well-designed, and established therapeutic strategies are required for effective treatment. RESULTS: Several health care organizations and networks have specimen transit methods that can be utilized to diagnose and monitor the etiology and progression of COVID 19 and perform contact tracing in developed and underdeveloped nations. Furthermore, patients and health care programs could benefit from increased use of digital health technology, which could improve communication, counseling, treatment, and information management, along with other capabilities to improve health care. CONCLUSION: Patients with COVID-19 pulmonary/respiratory problems may seek treatment from respiratory physicians, pulmonologists, TB experts, and even primary health care workers. To have prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19, TB patients should take the appropriate health care measures recommended by health care professionals/government officials and maintain their TB therapy as indicated.

Molecular Modelling, Synthesis and Evaluation of Flavone and Flavanone Scaffolds as Anti-inflammatory Agents.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to develop new Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents from the synthetic route. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one and 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromenone hybrids were synthesised and characterised by using UV, IR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectrometry. An attempt was made for consolidated lead flavones and flavanones scaffolds by determining ADME/ T properties. Molecular docking simulations were performed by using Autodock.4 to understand the binding interaction over the targeted enzyme Cyclooxygenase-2. The titled compounds were evaluated for various in-vitro models for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and based upon the IC50 values, the selected compounds were screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity by both acute and chronic models. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Twenty titled compounds were synthesised and elucidated their structure for confirmation of their functional groups by various spectroscopic techniques. Among the synthesized compounds, flavone derivatives such as HFc (7-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-4H-chromen-4- one), HFd (2-(2,4-di methoxy-phenyl)-7-hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one) and HFe (7-hydroxy-2- (thiophen-2-yl)-4H-chromen-4-one) produced higher potency. Flavanone derivatives HFAc (7- hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one), HFAb (7-hydroxy-2-(4- methoxy phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one) and HFAd (7-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-2,3- dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard COX-2 inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The flavone and flavanone scaffolds possess their excellent inhibitory action over the Cyclooxygenase-2 and act as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. The results of computational studies were also significantly correlated and concluded that those naturally mimicking flavonoid analogues were tremendous candidates to fight against the inflammatory diseases in drug discovery.