[Cytogenetic disorders in the oral mucosa epitheliocytes of children and adolescents living in the areas with different degrees of environmental chemical pollution].

UNLABELLED: The frequency of micronuclei (MN) in the oral mucosal epitheliocytes, the health status, the environment, and living, upbringing, and education conditions were studied in 5-6-year-old children and 15-16-year-old adolescents living in Saint Petersburg. OBJECTIVE: to identify cytogenetic disorders in the somatic cells of the buccal epithelium in the children and adolescents residing in the areas with different degrees of toxic ambient air and soil pollution. METHODS: hygienic, sociological, mathematical-and-statistical, and cytogenetic (micronucleus test) studies. The method for studying the frequency of micronuclei in the buccal epithelial cells was used for the first time in the population-based studies to evaluate the cytogenetic effect of different levels of chemical ambient air and soil pollution. The genetic disorders have been identified in the somatic cells as the increased count of micronuclei-containing epitheliocytes, which characterize the adverse effect of the high content of toxicants in the air ground layer and soil, as well as a higher sensitivity to unfavorable exogenous factors in 5-6-year-old children, girls in particular.

[Micronuclei in mucose cells and colonization of human stomach epithelium with coccoid forms of Helicobacter pylori].

International Agency for Research on Cancer recognized as sufficient the evidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection carcinogenicity and placed it into the 1 st group of carcinogens. Micronucleus level in gastric epithelial cells of antral stomach region of patients with chronic non-atrophy gastritis (n = 62) was studied. 40 patients of 62 had HP-associated gastritis. The HP-bacterium exists in a spiral and coccoid form. Both morphological forms were examined using immunocytochemistry. Significantly increased micronucleus number was observed in the cells of HP-infected patients compared with non-infected person (P < 0.05). The frequency of stomach epithelium cells with micronuclei was enhanced considerably in the patients infected with the coccoid HP form. Therefore the patients with HP-associated chronic gastritis caused by the coccoid form with high degree of colonization must be considered as a group of enhanced risk of gastric carcinogenesis.

[Cellular level of the body adaptation to the environmental exposure in the large industrial city (Saint-Petersburg)]. / Kletochnyi uroven' adaptatsii organizma k vozdeistviiu okruzhaiushchei sredy krupnogo promyshlennogo goroda (Sankt-Peterburg).

By methods of light and electron microscopy structural disturbances of heart, kidneys, liver and pancreas were studied in rats pups who were born and kept for a year at kindergartens of city districts diverse in level of environmental pollution (air and soil). The content of micronuclei in epitheliocytes of oral mucosa in 5-6 ys old children from the kindergartens was controlled in order to detect chromosome aberrations. The examination of morphofunctional state of the organs studied and cells containing micronuclei carried out in different districts of the city allowed to reveal correlation between disorders studied and the level of environmental pollution.

[Cytogenetic aberrations in somatic cells of children living in areas with various levels of environmental pollution]. / Tsitogeneticheskie narusheniia v somaticheskikh kletkakh u detei, prozhivaiushchikh v raionakh s razlichnoi intensivnost'iu zagriazneniia okruzhaiushchei sredy.

Micronuclear test was used to carry out genetic screening in somatic cells of children from different St. Petersburg districts with varying ecologic conditions. Preschool children from districts with high anthropogenic load (soil, air) revealed significant increase of epitheliocyte number in mouth mucosa. Girls appeared to be more sensitive to unfavourable environmental effects than boys. Mean values of cells with micronuclei in ecologically safe districts were 0.38 and 0.66% in pre- and school children, respectively. The study performed showed a possibility to use micronuclei count in the mouth mucosa investigating genetic effects of environmental pollution.

[Genotoxic effect of formaldehyde in somatic human cells in vivo]. / Genotoksicheskii éffekt formal'degida v somaticheskikh kletkakh cheloveka in vivo.

The genotoxic effect of formaldehyde (F) (chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, micronucleated cells in buccal mucosa) was studied in workers manufacturing nitrogen fertilizer and exposed to F at concentrations exceeding maximum permissible ones for a working area (group 1); in workers at the Department of Normal Anatomy who handle moist anatomical preparations (group 2); and in students who attended anatomy lessons once (group 3). A pronounced F cytotoxic effect was found in groups 1 and 2. In lymphocytes obtained from individuals of group 1, in which frequency of chromosome aberrations exceeded the control level fourfold, metaphase plates were revealed only after 72 h of cultivation. A similar reduction of the statmokinetic index and an increase in chromosomal aberrations were observed after in vitro F treatment of lymphocytes. In groups 2 and 3, a four- to fivefold excess of micronucleated cells was found in buccal mucosa. In students, the number of micronucleated cells remained higher both 24 and 48 h after they handled moist formaline preparations in anatomy class for 40 min.

[Cytogenetic effect of oral intake of new synthetic flocculants]. / Tsitogeneticheskii effect novykh sinteticheskikh flokkuliantov pri peroralnom postuplenii v organizm.

Flocculant Zetag-47 (polyacrylamide-based) in dose 1/50 LD50 increased the number of metaphases in rat marrow. These results were used in hygienic standardization of this substance.

[Experience with using extremely high frequency radiotherapy of the millimeter wave range in cerebrovascular disorders]. / Opyt primeneniia KVCh-terapii millimetrovogo diapazona pri sosudistykh zabolevaniiakh golovnogo mozga.

Vascular diseases of the brain (functional transient and ischemic apoplexy, circulatory encephalopathy) in 79 patients were treated by UHF electromagnetic field of millimetric wave range. 14 patients entered the control group. The treatment results are indicative of clear-cut trend to a decrease of arterial pressure, normalization of blood glucose level, arrest of DIC syndrome development.

[The cytopathic and cytogenetic sequelae of chronic inhalational exposure to formaldehyde on female germ cells and bone marrow cells in rats]. / Tsitopaticheskie i tsitogeneticheskie posledstviia khronicheskogo ingaliatsionnogo vozdeistviia formal'degida na zhenskie polovye kletki kostnogo mozga krys.

A study was made of cytopathological and cytogenetic effects of formaldehyde chronic inhalation, in doses 0.5 and 1.5 mg/m3, on the female rat's germ and marrow cells. The harmful effect of formaldehyde on germ cells (according to the patterns of early embryogenesis) is noted under the dose 1.5 mg/m3 only, while the reliable clastogenic and cytogenetic effects on the marrow cells were revealed even in the dose 0.5 mg/m3. It is concluded that the differences between effects of small doses of formaldehyde on different cell systems were evidently caused by the specific cell dynamics of these systems.

[Monosynaptic spinal reflex in epilepsy]. / Monosinapticheskii spinal'nyi refleks pri épilepsii.

In 33 patients with generalized convulsive seizures a monosynaptic spinal reflex was studied. In an interattack period the author observed its clear asymmetry which was combined with a contralateral situation of epileptogenic focus on the EEG. In the majority of cases in patients with diffusive paroxysmal activity on the EEG asymmetry in the quantity of H-reflex was marked as well. The obtained data permit to recommend a study of H-reflex in an interattack period of epilepsy for specification of the topics of an epileptogenic focus.