Redox Biomarkers and Matrix Remodeling Molecules in Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) has emerged as the leading cause of death due to gynecological malignancies among women. Oxidative stress and metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to influence signaling pathways and afflict the progression of carcinogenesis. Therefore, the assessment of matrix-remodeling and oxidative stress intensity can determine the degree of cellular injury and often the severity of redox-mediated chemoresistance. The study group comprised 27 patients with serous OC of which 18% were classified as Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages I/II, while the rest were diagnosed grades III/IV. The control group comprised of 15 ovarian tissue samples. The results were compared with genetic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Nitro-oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis biomarkers were measured colorimetrically/fluorometrically or via real-time PCR in the primary ovarian tumor and healthy tissue. Stratification of patients according to FIGO stages revealed that high-grade carcinoma exhibited substantial alterations in redox balance, including the accumulation of protein glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation products. TCGA data demonstrated only limited prognostic usefulness of the studied genes. In conclusion, high-grade serous OC is associated with enhanced tissue oxidative/nitrosative stress and macromolecule damage that could not be overridden by the simultaneously augmented measures of antioxidant defense. Therefore, it can be assumed that tumor cells acquire adaptive mechanisms that enable them to withstand the potential toxic effects of elevated reactive oxygen species.

Identification of serum miR-1246 and miR-150-5p as novel diagnostic biomarkers for high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading cancers in women, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most common and lethal subtype of this disease. A vast majority of HGSOC are diagnosed at the late stage of the disease when the treatment and total recovery chances are low. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel, more sensitive and specific methods for early and routine HGSOC clinical diagnosis. In this study, we performed miRNA expression profiling using the NanoString miRNA assay in 34 serum samples from patients with HGSOC and 36 healthy women. We identified 13 miRNAs that were differentially expressed (DE). For additional exploration of expression patterns correlated with HGSOC, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). As a result, we showed that the module most correlated with tumour size, nodule and metastasis contained 8 DE miRNAs. The panel including miR-1246 and miR-150-5p was identified as a signature that could discriminate HGSOC patients with AUCs of 0.98 and 1 for the training and test sets, respectively. Furthermore, the above two-miRNA panel had an AUC = 0.946 in the verification cohorts of RT-qPCR data and an AUC = 0.895 using external data from the GEO public database. Thus, the model we developed has the potential to markedly improve the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Opioid Therapy: Results of Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The neurotoxic effect of opioid has not been thoroughly described. No studies have been conducted to explain the effect of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain therapy on the neurotrophic factors level. Due to the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it seems the determination of serum Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration is a reliable presentation of the concentration in the central nervous system. The aim of the study was to explore the changes of plasma BDNF concentration during long-term opioid therapy.Methods: The study group included 28 patients with chronic low back pain treated with opioid therapy buprenorphine (n=10), tramadol (n=8), oxycodone (n=6), morphine (n=3), fentanyl (n=1). The control group included 11 patients. Measurements of plasma BDNF concentrations were performed, and information about opioid therapy were recorded (age, sex, opioid substance type, daily dose and the duration of opioid therapy). Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests.Results: The median BDNF level in the study group was significantly lower (2.73 ng/mL) than that in the control group (5.04 ng/mL, P<0.05). BDNF levels did not differ among groups based on the type of opioid substance used, but the lowest median value was observed for tramadol (2.62 ng/mL), and the highest median value was observed for buprenorphine (2.73 ng/mL). The widest minimum-maximum ranges of BDNF for oxycodone were noted, minimum 1.23 ng/mL and maximum 4.57 ng/mL, respectively. BDNF concentrations were correlated with age in the tramadol group and with the duration of opioid therapy in the buprenorphine group.Conclusion: Chronic opioid therapy for noncancer pain induces specific changes in the BDNF concentration. Tramadol and buprenorphine exerted an important effect on BDNF levels in the examined patients. The BDNF level depends on duration of opioid therapy with buprenorphine, and age in tramadol therapy.

Energy Substrate Transporters in High-Grade Ovarian Cancer: Gene Expression and Clinical Implications.

Ovarian cancer is a non-homogenous malignancy. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype, and its drug resistance mechanisms remain unclear. Despite the advantages of modern pharmacotherapy, high-grade ovarian cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and research into targeted therapies is in progress. The aim of the study was to assess the dominant energy substrate transport mechanism in ovarian cancer cells and to verify whether genomic aberrations could predict clinical outcomes using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Total RNA was extracted from HGSC frozen tissues, and the expression of selected genes was compared to respective controls. GLUT1, FABPpm, MCT4 and SNAT1 genes were significantly overexpressed in carcinomas compared with controls, while expression of CD36/SR-B2, FATP1, FABP4, GLUT4, ASCT2 and LPL was decreased. No differences were found in FATP4, LAT1, MCT1 and FASN. The transcript content of mitochondrial genes such as PGC-1α, TFAM and COX4/1 was similar between groups, while the ß-HAD level declined in ovarian cancer. Additionally, the MCT4 level was reduced and PGC-1α was elevated in cancer tissue from patients with 'small' primary tumor and omental invasion accompanied by ascites as compared to patients that exhibited greater tendencies to metastasize to lymph nodes with clear omentum. Based on TCGA, higher FABP4 and LPL and lower TFAM expression indicated poorer overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. In conclusion, the presented data show that there is no exclusive energy substrate in HGSC. However, this study indicates the advantage of glucose and lactate transport over fatty acids, thereby suggesting potential therapeutic intervention targets to impede ovarian cancer growth.

The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies conducted on molecular profiling of EC in order to improve diagnostics and introduce personalized treatment. Chemokines-a protein family that contributes to inflammatory processes that may promote carcinogenesis-constitute an area of interest. Some chemokines and their receptors present alterations in expression in tumor microenvironment. CXCL12, which binds the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, is known for its impact on neoplastic cell proliferation, neovascularization and promotion of epidermal-mesenchymal transition. The CCL2-CCR2 axis additionally plays a pivotal role in EC with mutations in the LKB1 gene and activates tumor-associated macrophages. CCL20 and CCR6 are influenced by the RANK/RANKL pathway and alter the function of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Another axis, CXCL10-CXCR3, affects the function of NK-cells and, interestingly, presents different roles in various types of tumors. This review article consists of analysis of studies that included the roles of the aforementioned chemokines in EC pathogenesis. Alterations in chemokine expression are described, and possible applications of drugs targeting chemokines are reviewed.

Safety and efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy DCVAC/OvCa added to first-line chemotherapy (carboplatin plus paclitaxel) for epithelial ovarian cancer: a phase 2, open-label, multicenter, randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Most patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) relapse despite primary debulking surgery and chemotherapy (CT). Autologous dendritic cell immunotherapy (DCVAC) can present tumor antigens to elicit a durable immune response. We hypothesized that adding parallel or sequential DCVAC to CT stimulates antitumor immunity and improves clinical outcomes in patients with EOC. Based on the interim results of sequential DCVAC/OvCa administration and to accommodate the increased interest in maintenance treatment in EOC, the trial was amended by adding Part 2. METHODS: Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III EOC (serous, endometrioid, or mucinous), who underwent cytoreductive surgery up to 3 weeks prior to randomization and were scheduled for first-line platinum-based CT were eligible. Patients, stratified by tumor residuum (0 or <1 cm), were randomized (1:1:1) to DCVAC/OvCa parallel to CT (Group A), DCVAC/OvCa sequential to CT (Group B), or CT alone (Group C) in Part 1, and to Groups B and C in Part 2. Autologous dendritic cells for DCVAC were differentiated from patients' CD14+ monocytes, pulsed with two allogenic OvCa cell lines (SK-OV-3, OV-90), and matured in the presence of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. We report the safety outcomes (safety analysis set, Parts 1 and 2 combined) along with the primary (progression-free survival (PFS)) and secondary (overall survival (OS)) efficacy endpoints. Efficacy endpoints were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis set in Part 1. RESULTS: Between November 2013 and March 2016, 99 patients were randomized. The mITT (Part 1) comprised 31, 29, and 30 patients in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Baseline characteristics and DCVAC/OvCa exposure were comparable across the treatment arms. DCVAC/OvCa showed a good safety profile with treatment-emergent adverse events related to DCVAC/OvCa in 2 of 34 patients (5.9%) in Group A and 2 of 53 patients (3.8%) in Group B. Median PFS was 20.3, not reached, and 21.4 months in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The HR (95% CI) for Group A versus Group C was 0.98 (0.48 to 2.00; p=0.9483) and the HR for Group B versus Group C was 0.39 (0.16 to 0.96; p=0.0336). This was accompanied by a non-significant trend of improved OS in Groups A and B. Median OS was not reached in any group after a median follow-up of 66 months (34% of events). CONCLUSIONS: DCVAC/OvCa and leukapheresis was not associated with significant safety concerns in this trial. DCVAC/OvCa sequential to CT was associated with a statistically significant improvement in PFS in patients undergoing first-line treatment of EOC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02107937, EudraCT2010-021462-30.

European Society of Gynaecological Oncology quality indicators for the surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Quality of surgical care as a crucial component of a comprehensive multi-disciplinary management improves outcomes in patients with endometrial carcinoma, notably helping to avoid suboptimal surgical treatment. Quality indicators (QIs) enable healthcare professionals to measure their clinical management with regard to ideal standards of care. OBJECTIVE: In order to complete its set of QIs for the surgical management of gynecological cancers, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) initiated the development of QIs for the surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: QIs were based on scientific evidence and/or expert consensus. The development process included a systematic literature search for the identification of potential QIs and documentation of the scientific evidence, two consensus meetings of a group of international experts, an internal validation process, and external review by a large international panel of clinicians and patient representatives. QIs were defined using a structured format comprising metrics specifications, and targets. A scoring system was then developed to ensure applicability and feasibility of a future ESGO accreditation process based on these QIs for endometrial carcinoma surgery and support any institutional or governmental quality assurance programs. RESULTS: Twenty-nine structural, process and outcome indicators were defined. QIs 1-5 are general indicators related to center case load, training, experience of the surgeon, structured multi-disciplinarity of the team and active participation in clinical research. QIs 6 and 7 are related to the adequate pre-operative investigations. QIs 8-22 are related to peri-operative standards of care. QI 23 is related to molecular markers for endometrial carcinoma diagnosis and as determinants for treatment decisions. QI 24 addresses the compliance of management of patients after primary surgical treatment with the standards of care. QIs 25-29 highlight the need for a systematic assessment of surgical morbidity and oncologic outcome as well as standardized and comprehensive documentation of surgical and pathological elements. Each QI was associated with a score. An assessment form including a scoring system was built as basis for ESGO accreditation of centers for endometrial cancer surgery.

What do we know about perioperative hypersensitivity reactions and what can we do to improve perioperative safety?

Hypersensitivity reactions are an important aspect of perioperative care and are a crucial interdisciplinary issue in anaesthesiological practice, as well as allergological and laboratory diagnostics. This phenomenon was observed as early as the 1980s and 1990s in Western European countries, and knowledge on this subject has grown significantly over time. Although hypersensitivity reactions are not frequent events (the incidence of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions ranges from 1:386 to 1:13 000 procedures, with higher frequency - 1 per 6500 general anaesthesias with neuromuscular blocking agents administrations), their courses are unfortunately serious and life-threatening. It should also be noted that there is no information regarding the occurrence of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions in many countries. Hence, global assessment of the problem is underestimated. The primary source of actual knowledge comes from epidemiological studies, which indicate an increasing frequency of hypersensitivity reaction occurrence and changes in aetiological factors. The first report from France (1984 to 1989) described two main causes - neuromuscular blocking agents and hypnotic agents. The following years confirmed an increase in perioperative hypersensitivity reactions associated with latex and antibiotics. The most recent data from the National Audit Project 6 indicated increased participation of antibiotics, chlorhexidine, and contrast agents. The results of epidemiological analyses are the basis of medical management guidelines and practice modification. Thanks to the activity of many organisations monitoring the intensity and nature of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions, guidelines for diagnostics and management have been developed. This article presents the results of numerous studies, including the first and the most recent, from various geographical regions. The clinical significance, pathogenesis mechanisms are also discussed. This publication also presents important directions for further scientific and epidemiological research on perioperative hypersensitivity reactions.Key messagesThe incidence of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions ranges from 1:386 to 1:13 000 procedures, with higher frequency - 1 per 6500 general anaesthesias with neuromuscular blocking agents administrations.Reactions may occur during the first episode of anaesthesia, most frequently in the induction of general anaesthesia, and much less frequently during postoperative follow-up.The first reports of perioperative hypersensitivity reaction come from the 1990s, and knowledge on this subject has grown significantly over time.In many countries, multidisciplinary teams and organisations have been established to identify, monitor the occurrence of this phenomenon, and have set the directions of medical activities and have changed the rules and recommendations.There is no information about the occurrence of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions in many countries, and global assessment of the problem is underestimated. Additionally, there is a great need to develop a system to monitor their occurrence in other countries.The long-term epidemiologic studies have demonstrated variability in pharmacologic triggers. However, the main pharmacological substances (antibiotics, muscle relaxants, disinfectans, contrast agents) are related to aspects of patient safety during anaesthesia.

European Society of Gynaecological Oncology guidelines for the peri-operative management of advanced ovarian cancer patients undergoing debulking surgery.

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) developed and established for the first time in 2016, and updated in 2020, quality indicators for advanced ovarian cancer surgery to audit and improve clinical practice in Europe and beyond. As a sequela of the continuous effort to improve oncologic care in patients with ovarian cancer, ESGO issued in 2018 a consensus guidance jointly with the European Society of Medical Oncology addressing in a multidisciplinary fashion 20 selected key questions in the management of ovarian cancer, ranging from molecular pathology to palliation in primary and relapse disease. In order to complement the above achievements and consolidate the promoted systemic advances and surgical expertise with adequate peri-operative management, ESGO developed, as the next step, clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of peri-operative care and management of complications as part of its mission to improve the quality of care for women with advanced ovarian cancer and reduce iatrogenic morbidity. To do so, ESGO nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of ovarian cancer (18 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence based, the literature published since 2015, identified from a systematic search, was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 117 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives.

Factors Predisposing to Burnout Syndrome among Medical Staff Participating in Complex Surgical Processes.

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is a serious manifestation of distress among health-care professionals. OBJECTIVE: Due to the specific nature of work in operating theaters, factors that affect the staff performance and therefore predispose to burnout syndrome were assessed. METHODS: Based on the original questionnaire, 254 respondents working in the operating theaters of the university hospital, appraised levels of work satisfaction, sources of stress, and psychosocial burden. Work-related mental stress was assessed using the Meister's questionnaire. Burnout levels were evaluated in the group extended to 316 employees with Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS: Work satisfaction analysis indicated unsatisfactory management and remuneration as the negative agents. The majority of the respondents emphasized the maintenance of medical records as a prominent stress factor. A large number of participants (n = 221; 87%) described work as emotionally burdensome. The results showed that the highest burden was related to the following variables: time pressure, responsibility, problems, and conflicts. The examined group was qualified to the second degree of mental load related to the work. Similarly, the entire group reached a high level of emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS: Presented data indicate the need of evaluation to minimize occupational burnout problem.

Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DCVAC/OvCa) combined with second-line chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (SOV02): A randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial.

OBJECTIVE: DCVAC/OvCa is an active cellular immunotherapy designed to stimulate an immune response against ovarian cancer. We explored the safety and efficacy of DCVAC/OvCa plus carboplatin and gemcitabine in platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. METHODS: In this open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02107950), patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer relapsing after first-line chemotherapy were randomized to DCVAC/OvCa and chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. DCVAC/OvCa was administered every 3-6 weeks (10 doses). Endpoints included safety, progression-free survival (PFS; primary efficacy endpoint) and overall survival (OS; secondary efficacy endpoint). RESULTS: Between November 2013 and May 2015, 71 patients were randomized to chemotherapy in combination with DCVAC/OvCa or to chemotherapy alone. Treatment-emergent adverse events related to DCVAC/OvCa, leukapheresis and chemotherapy occurred in six (16.2%), two (5.4%), and 35 (94.6%) patients in the DCVAC/OvCa group. Chemotherapy-related events occurred in all patients in the chemotherapy group. Seven patients in the DCVAC/OvCa group were excluded from primary efficacy analyses due to failure to receive ≥1 dose of DCVAC/OvCa. PFS was not improved (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-1.28, P = 0.274, data maturity 78.1%). Median OS was significantly prolonged (by 13.4 months) in the DCVAC/OvCa group (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.74, P = 0.003; data maturity 56.3%). A signal for enhanced surrogate antigen-specific T-cell activity was seen with DCVAC/OvCa. CONCLUSIONS: DCVAC/OvCa combined with chemotherapy had a favorable safety profile in patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. DCVAC/OvCa did not improve PFS, but the exploratory analyses revealed OS prolongation and enhanced surrogate antigen-specific T-cell activity.

Obesity and Energy Substrate Transporters in Ovarian Cancer-Review.

Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women. It is characterized by a high mortality rate because of its aggressiveness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. It is a nonhomogenous group of neoplasms and, of which the molecular basics are still being investigated. Nowadays, the golden standard in the treatment is debulking cytoreductive surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy. We have presented the interactions and the resulting perspectives between fatty acid transporters, glucose transporters and ovarian cancer cells. Studies have shown the association between a lipid-rich environment and cancer progression, which suggests the use of correspondent transporter inhibitors as promising chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of fatty acid transport proteins and glucose transporters in development, growth, metastasizing and its potential use in targeted therapies of ovarian cancer.

Prognostic Significance of Survivin Expression in Patients with Ovarian Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Survivin belongs to the protein family of inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) and is a regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and prognostic significance of expression survivin in patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS: We systematically searched for articles in PubMed, the American Chemical Society (Publications), Medline, the Royal Society of Chemistry, Scopus and the Web of Science. Patient clinical data, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and survivin expression were extracted from individual studies. We performed statistical analysis using the STATA 16 package. Eighteen publications containing data from 2233 patients with ovarian cancer were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS: We found an adverse effect of survivin expression on OS (risk ratio (HR): 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-1.93, p = 0.00) but this was not observed on DFS (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.55-2.05, p = 0.87). The analysis of clinicopathological parameters showed that survivin expression was associated with the histological grades (G1-2 vs. G3) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.34-0.83, p = 0.01) and: International Federation Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (I-II vs. III-IV) (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.55, p = 0.00), but it was not significantly correlated with the histological subtype (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.83-1.58, p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that survivin expression may be a marker of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Survivin expression was associated with parameters of greater aggressiveness of ovarian cancer. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our results indicating that survivin expression can be used as an ovarian cancer biomarker.

Two Concurrent Cancers in a 19-Year-Old Patient: Yolk Sac Ovarian Tumor and Metastatic Gastrointestinal Tract Malignancy-Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Two concurrent malignancies present in a young person is an extremely rare condition. Diagnoses of gastric cancer primarily concern older patients. There are very few reports of concomitant Krukenberg tumor and germ-cell ovarian malignancy. CASE: A 19-year-old girl was admitted to the gynecologic oncology department with symptoms of advanced malignancy. Radiological imaging revealed disseminated neoplastic disease with bulky adnexal tumors. Cytoreductive surgery was performed, achieving no visible disease (T = 0 cm). The final pathology report confirmed metastatic mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) in both ovaries, originating from the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the primary germ cell yolk sac tumor was found in the left ovary. CONCLUSION: In cases of concomitant gastric and ovarian tumors, metastatic disease (Krukenberg tumor) should be considered in the differential diagnosis. This concerns even adolescent patients. In particular cases, including tumors with germ cell components, primary debulking surgery is crucial for prognosis.

Blood bioactive sphingolipids in patients with advanced serous epithelial ovarian cancer - mass spectrometry analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the lack of highly specific and sensitive methods for diagnosing ovarian cancer at advanced stages (according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification stage III-IV), new noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed. This study aims to investigate how the levels of plasma bioactive sphingolipids (ceramides, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine and sphinganine) are altered in serum, erythrocytes and platelets of patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 135 patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer and 159 women with normal ovarian morphology were enrolled. Plasma levels of sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphinganine, ceramide C14:0-Cer, C16:0-Cer, C18:1-Cer, C18:0-Cer, C20:0-Cer, C22:0-Cer, C24:1-Cer and C24:0-Cer were assessed by LC/MS/MS. RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of C16-Cer, C18:1-Cer and C18-Cer were significantly higher in the advanced ovarian cancer group than in the control group (1.5-fold, p = 0.021; 1.8-fold, p = 0.036 and 1.5-fold, p = 0.031, respectively). Plasma concentration of C18:1-Cer was significantly higher in erythrocytes of women with advanced serous cancer compared to the control group (p = 0.027). Plasma C16-Cer and C18:1-Cer levels and erythrocyte C18:1-Cer levels were able to distinguish patients with moderate/severe serous ovarian cancer from patients with mild ovarian cancer (AUC: 0.86, 0.898, 0.795, respectively). Plasma concentrations of C16, C18.1 and C18 significantly correlated with FIGO staging (p = 0.001, p = 0.024 and p = 0.005), and grading (p = 0.021, p = 0.021 and p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma concentrations of C16, C18.1 and C18 correlated with the progression of ovarian cancer (FIGO staging and grading). Plasma levels of C16-Cer and C18:1-Cer and erythrocyte C18:1-Cer levels could be used to distinguish patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in gynecologic oncology: an international survey of peri-operative practice.

INTRODUCTION: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in gynecologic oncology, with the majority of published reports originating from a small number of specialized centers. It is unclear to what degree ERAS is implemented in hospitals globally. This international survey investigated the status of ERAS protocol implementation in open gynecologic oncology surgery to provide a worldwide perspective on peri-operative practice patterns. METHODS: Requests to participate in an online survey of ERAS practices were distributed via social media (WhatsApp, Twitter, and Social Link). The survey was active between January 15 and March 15, 2020. Additionally, four national gynecologic oncology societies agreed to distribute the study among their members. Respondents were requested to answer a 17-item questionnaire about their ERAS practice preferences in the pre-, intra-, and post-operative periods. RESULTS: Data from 454 respondents representing 62 countries were analyzed. Overall, 37% reported that ERAS was implemented at their institution. The regional distribution was: Europe 38%, Americas 33%, Asia 19%, and Africa 10%. ERAS gynecologic oncology guidelines were well adhered to (>80%) in the domains of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, early removal of urinary catheter after surgery, and early introduction of ambulation. Areas with poor adherence to the guidelines included the use of bowel preparation, adoption of modern fasting guidelines, carbohydrate loading, use of nasogastric tubes and peritoneal drains, intra-operative temperature monitoring, and early feeding. CONCLUSION: This international survey of ERAS in open gynecologic oncology surgery shows that, while some practices are consistent with guideline recommendations, many practices contradict the established evidence. Efforts are required to decrease the variation in peri-operative care that exists in order to improve clinical outcomes for patients with gynecologic cancer globally.

Effect of body mass index and rocuronium on serum tryptase concentration during volatile general anesthesia: an observational study.

OBJECTIVE: Female sex, body mass index (BMI), and neuromuscular blocking agents are risk factors of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of rocuronium on serum tryptase concentrations during general anesthesia in overweight and obese women. METHODS: The study was conducted in two groups: Group I (n=66) underwent volatile anesthesia with rocuronium and group II (n=60) underwent volatile anesthesia without any muscle relaxant. Serum tryptase concentration (STC) measurements were performed at baseline (STC 0) and postoperatively (STC 1). ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04035707 RESULTS: The highest median value of STC 0 was seen in obese patients (3.44 µg L-1) and it was significantly higher than in overweight (p=0.01) and underweight patients (p=0.03). The maximum STC 0 was observed in overweight patients (20.4 µg L-1). In group I, STC 0 in obese patients presented the highest median value (4.49 µg L-1), and was significantly higher than in overweight patients (p=0.03), and had significantly higher STC 1 than patients with normal BMI (p=0.04). STC 0 and STC 1 in overweight and obese female patients did not differ significantly between groups. STC 1 did not correlate with rocuronium doses. In group I, BMI positively correlated with the duration of rocuronium infusion (rho=0.37) and STC 1 positively correlated with BMI (rho=0.32). CONCLUSION: Excess weight and obesity predispose to higher preoperative serum tryptase values. Postoperative STC is not linked to rocuronium doses. BMI is the main determinant factor of STC during combined volatile general anesthesia.

Opioid-induced immunosuppression and carcinogenesis promotion theories create the newest trend in acute and chronic pain pharmacotherapy.

Opioids are the main group of pharmacological agents used during the perioperative period and provide a sedative and analgesic component. The observations of opioid consumption in West Europe indicate that this group of drugs is widely used in chronic noncancer pain therapy. Nearly 20 years ago, the first publications indicating that opioids, as an element of perioperative pharmacotherapy in oncologic patients, increase the risk of tumor recurrence and affect further prognosis were presented. The actual publications suggest that there are multifactorial, complex mechanisms underlying the immunological impact and carcinogenesis promotion of opioids and that the intensity varies depending on the type of opioid. There are also questions about the immunosuppressive effects among patients receiving opioids in the treatment of chronic noncancer pain. The aim of the review article is to present information about the action of opioids on the immune system in carcinogenic settings and to define the clinical usefulness of this pharmacological phenomenon.