[Effect of insulin on lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membranes of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie insulina na razvitie perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v membranakh eritrotsitov pri insulinzavisimom sacharnom diabete.

The spin-probe techniques has been used to study insulin-membranes interaction in erythrocytes by insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The lipid peroxidation has been initiated by FeSO4-ascorbate. It was found the insulin defend the lipids in control by peroxidation, but no effect in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus erythrocytes. The mechanisms of the insulin-influence on the lipids peroxidation are discussed.

[Short-period oscillations of isotopic carbon in CO2 from expired air in different human functional states]. / Korotkoperiodicheskie kolebaniia izotopnogo sostava ugleroda CO2 vydykhaemogo vozdukha v razlichnykh funktsional'nykh sostoianiiakh cheloveka.

The examination of diurnal variations in carbon isotope composition of CO2 under different hormonal-metabolic states in man revealed short-period inphase oscillations with a period of about 2-3 h. The oscillations occur throughout 24 h and their period is little dependent on the functional state of the organism. In endocrine pathologies, substantial differences in oscillation amplitude are observed. The relationship between the variations in carbon isotope composition of CO2 of expired air and energy exchange in cells of insulin-dependent tissues of the organism is substantiated.

[Average daily values of the isotopic carbon composition in expired air and urea in human urine in normal states and in some endocrine disorders]. / Srednesutochnye znacheniia izotopnogo sostava ugleroda CO2 vydykhaemogo vozdukha i mocheviny mochi u cheloveka v norme i pri nekotorykh éndokrinnykh patologiiakh.

Daily average carbon isotope composition of CO2 of expired air and urine urea in patients being in different hormonal-metabolic states was determined. The observations were carried out under conditions of clinic to provide standard diet, and the same daily and food taking regimes. In all persons, a substantial increase enrichment in 12C of CO2 of expired air (by 3-6%) and 13C of urine urea (by 3-5%) relative to carbon of food was revealed. Marked variations in these characteristics in norm, on starvation and in endocrine pathologies were found. A relationship between the carbon isotope composition and the metabolic shifts characterizing the deviations of the studied functional states from norm was established. The changes in the isotope characteristics and their relation to the hormonal-metabolic status of the organism are interpreted in terms of the model for cell fractionation of carbon isotopes proposed earlier.

[Mechanisms of functional disorders of the membrane receptor apparatus in pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Mekhanizmy narushenii funktsii membranoretseptornogo apparata pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete u beremennykh zhenshchin.

Studies of membrane receptor system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus revealed that insulin resistance in pregnant patients with type I diabetes is caused by disordered cellular sensitivity to threshold physiological and submaximal insulin doses, whereas the maximal doses of the hormone normalize glucose consumption by the cells. High insulin doses intensify lipid peroxidation, normalize the status of membranous proteins, reduce the number of thiol groups, reduce AOA level in membranes, and, hence, reduce membranous capacity to bind active peroxide radicals. Structural and functional changes in red cell membranes are associated with reduced affinity of insulin receptors, reduction in the number of insulin-binding sites in membranes, this disordering intracellular effects of insulin.

[Recording of surface potential changes in erythrocyte membranes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using a spin probe method]. / Registratsiia metodom spinovogo zonda izmenenii poverkhnostnogo potentsiala membran éritrotsitov krovi bol'nykh insulinzavisimym sakharnym diabetom.

Changes in surface potential of erythrocyte membranes were studied by a positively charged analog as a spin probe. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients demonstrated a significant increase (by 16 +/- 2.0 mV) in negative surface potential as compared to the control. An important role of this phenomenon in pathogenesis of IDDM is discussed.

[Daily changes in the carbon isotope composition of CO2 in expired air of persons with various metabolic disorders]. / Sutochnye izmeneniia izotopnogo sostava ugleroda CO2 vydykhaemogo vozdukha u cheloveka pri nekotorykh narusheniiakh metabolizma.

Daily variations of the aspiration CO2 carbon isotope content (CIC) were studied at three metabolic states: norm, insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD), and obesity. The groups of subjects were studied in a clinic during 24 hours. Analysis of the delta 13C daily curves of the exhaled air CO2 allowed us to find the link between variations of CIC with daily rhythms in the organism and with metabolic shifts at IDD and obesity. At metabolic norm it is possible two phases on the daily curve, corresponding to daytime and nighttime metabolism types with hormonally regulated transition between them. The daytime phase of the curve consists of altering maxima and minima, linked to periodicity in feeding and movement activity. The nighttime phase is characterized by continuous enrichment of CO2 by 12C. At IDD in insulin therapy conditions the most prominent difference from norm and obesity is the stable CIC at nighttime. At daytime during weakening of the exogenous insulin action there appear horizontal regions on the delta 13C CO2 curves, similar to the nighttime behaviour. At obesity the daily curves are close to the normal ones, but they are more smooth and impoverished in 13C. No clear transition between the daytime and nighttime metabolism types can be observed. At obesity and IDD the character of the daily curves can be observed.

[Fetoplacental hormone complex measurements to predict fetal and neonatal viability in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. / Opredelenie urovnei gormonov fetoplatsentarnogo kompleksa s tsel'iu prognoza zhiznesposobnosti ploda i novorozhdennogo pri insulinzavisimom sakharnom diabete.

A dynamic follow-up of 79 pregnant patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was carried out. Specific fetoplacental hormonal profiles were detected and analyzed in complex with glycemic levels, this permitting the authors obtain new prognostic criteria of fetal and newborn viability. The results helped optimize the policy of following up such patients and the developed prediction regulations allowed preventive measures aimed at improvement of the future baby health status to be carried out before clinical manifestation of fetal intrauterine suffering.

[The determination of microalbuminuria by immunoenzyme analysis]. / Opredelenie mikroal'buminurii metodom immunofermentnogo analiza.

The authors have defined the optimal conditions for inhibitory type enzyme immunoassay of microalbuminuria. The range of albumin detection is 30 to 250 micrograms/ml. The optimal time of antigen binding with antibody is 45 min, the lower threshold level of albumin detection 0.6 +/- 0.02 microgram/ml. Albumin concentration is unchanged after urine storage for 8 weeks at -20 degrees C or for 1 week at 4 degrees C.

[Structural changes in erythrocyte membranes in diabetes mellitus using spin labelled fatty acids]. / Issledovanie s pomoshch'iu spin-mechenykh zhirnykh kislot strukturnykh izmenenii v membranakh éritrotsitov pri sakharnom diabete.

Microviscosity and polarity of erythrocyte membranes of the blood of patients suffering from diabetes were studied by ESR using spin-labeled fatty acids. Structural changes were discovered 0.6-0.8 nm from the membrane surface in the lipid bilayer of erythrocytes obtained from patients' blood. No essential immobilization of the acyl chains of phospholipids was found in deeper layers as compared with the control. The bilayer polarity at different depth was not essentially changed either.

[Hormonal-metabolic disorders in children with diabetes mellitus in the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy]. / Gormonal'no-metabolicheskie narusheniia u detei, bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom, s doklinicheskoi stadiei diabeticheskoi retinopatii.

A relationship was established between alterations in vessels of the fundus of the eye and diabetes mellitus standing, the character of metabolic disorders, hereditary load with regard to cardiovascular diseases. The risk factors of the development of the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy are as follows: hereditary load with regard to cardiovascular diseases, parship, an increase of the content of lactate, a reduction of the content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerophosphate, a rise of the content of glycosylated hemoglobin, high content of cholesterol esters in red blood cell membranes, of free cholesterol and malonic dialdehyde in blood serum, a decline of the level of phospholipids and a rise of cardiolipin content in red blood cell membranes, and increase of blood serum cortisol.

[Effect of glucagon and short-term fasting on the interrelationship of cellular and humoral immune responses]. / Vliianie gliukagona i kratkovremennogo golodaniia na vzaimosviaz' kletochnogo i gumoral'nogo immunogo otveta.

The effect of subcutaneous administration of 25 micrograms/kg of glucagon and 2-day fasting (as a natural model of hyperglucagonemia) on the accumulation of antibody-forming splenocytes and the expression of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) in response to intraperitoneal immunization with sheep erythrocytes at various doses were studied in experiments on random-bred albino mice. A suppressing effect of the hormone on antibody genesis at optimum doses and its stimulating effect at suboptimum doses were revealed. The latter effect took place against a background of DTHR suppression. Glucagon action manifested itself mainly in the effector phase of an immune response and correlated with the effect of two-day fasting on the immune system. A conclusion has been made of a possible competition (at certain doses of antigen) between a cellular and humoral response, whose type can vary during endocrine dysfunction.