Biocompatibility of different resin composites after polymerization with two light curing units: an immunohistochemical study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the biocompatibility of two different resin composites after polymerization under two different light sources in three different time periods. Materials and methods: 72 polyethylene tubes polymerized with 2 different resin composites and 2 different light sources (Elipar S10 and Valo ) [Group 1: Kalore Elipar S10 (KE), Group 2: Kalore Valo (KV), Group 3: Essentia Elipar S10 (EE), Group 4: Essentia Valo (EV)] were implanted in the dorsal connective tissue of 18 rats. 24 empty polyethylene tubes [Group 5: (Control group)] were implanted in the dorsal connective tissue of 6 rats. Then, the rats were sacrificed after 7th, 15th and 30th days in each time intervals (n=8). Biopsy samples were stained with H&E and examined for inflammation, necrosis, macrophage infiltrate, giant cell and fibrous capsule criteria. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-8). Results: When the composite groups and the control groups were compared; the difference was statistically significant for the criteria of inflammation at 7th and 15th days, there was no statistical difference between the time points in terms of fibrous capsule and necrosis. When the composite groups and control groups were evaluated in terms of proinflammatory cytokines; statistically significant differences were found at 7th, 15th and 30th days. Conclusion: All CRs used in this study showed acceptable biocompatibility in the subcutaneous tissues of rats after polymerization with different light sources.

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on intra-abdominal adhesions in rabbit uterine horn model.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on intra-abdominal adhesion at the cesarean section incision line in the uterus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: As experimental animals 16 white New Zealand rabbits, 5-months-old, unmated, were used. Animals were divided into two groups the control group and PRP application group. In each group, a transverse incision was made to the uterus to mimic the cesarean section and sutured. Relaparotomy was performed 21 days after the first operation. RESULTS: When the groups were evaluated in terms of inflammation, there was a significant difference between the two groups. When the groups were evaluated in terms of Mason's Trichrome staining and fibrosis, There was a significant difference between groups. When the groups were evaluated in terms of vascular endothelial growth factor-1, there was also a significant difference between the groups. In an experimental rabbit uterine horn adhesion model, PRP is effective in preventing post-operative adhesion formation. CONCLUSIONS: This result may guide clinical studies using autologous PRP to prevent post-operative adhesion formation after gynecological operations.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio se llevó a cabo para investigar el efecto del plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) autólogo sobre la adhesión intraabdominal en la línea de incisión de la cesárea en el útero. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Como animales de experimentación se utilizaron 16 conejos blancos de Nueva Zelanda, de 5 meses de edad, sin aparear. Los animales se dividieron en dos grupos como grupo de control y grupo de aplicación de PRP. En cada grupo, se hizo una incisión transversal al útero para imitar la cesárea y se suturó. La relaparotomía se realizó 21 días después de la primera operación. RESULTADOS: Cuando los grupos se evaluaron en términos de inflamación, hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos. Cuando los grupos se evaluaron en términos de tinción MT y fibrosis, hubo una diferencia significativa entre los grupos. Cuando los grupos se evaluaron en términos de VEGF-1, también hubo una diferencia significativa entre los grupos. En un modelo experimental de adherencia al cuerno uterino de conejo, el PRP es eficaz para prevenir la formación de adherencias posoperatorias. CONCLUSIONES: Este resultado puede guiar los estudios clínicos que utilizan PRP autólogo para prevenir la formación de adherencias postoperatorias después de operaciones ginecológicas.

Preserving periodontal tissue in the treatment of a large peripheral ossifying fibroma: a case study.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive, benign gingival enlargement. Its etiology is not fully known. It can be seen in many different sizes in the mouth. The histopathological appearance of POF is mineralized tissue and fibrous proliferation. All relevant soft and hard tissues must be removed to prevent recurrence. Periodontal tissue remaining after excision is important for tooth preservation. With large lesions, the loss of healthy periodontal tissue is also large. Periodontal surgical approaches are important to preserve the remaining periodontal tissue. The positive effects of autogenously obtained titanium-prepared platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) and connective tissue graft (CTG) on soft tissue are well known. A 34-year-old woman presented with a fibrous and pedunculated gingival mass in the upper left canine premolar region. The operation was performed with complete excision of the lesion down to the bone along with the surrounding healthy tissue. Periodontal treatment of the large defect created after excision of a large POF lesion was performed with laterally positioned flap, CTG and T-PRF. The periodontal tissue and defect were noted to heal in a healthy manner at the 6-month follow-up. POF is a benign lesion; however, it has a high recurrence rate. Complete elimination of the lesion is crucial to prevent recurrence. Periodontal surgical methods and biomaterials applied after surgical excision are significant to maintain the periodontal health of the remaining teeth and tissues.

The effect of smoking and electronic cigarettes on rat testicles / El efecto del tabaquismo y los cigarrillos electrónicos en los testículos de ratas

Objective: After the negative effects of smoking on public health were proven, smoking cessation campaigns were initiated by health ministries and non-governmental organizations. Many drugs have been tried to reduce the addiction to smoking and the nicotine contained in it. Recently, e-cigarettes (EC) are widely used for smoking cessation efforts, although the effects and possible harms are not fully known. In our study, we planned to show the effect of cigarette and EC smoke on the male urogenital system. Methods: Adult male wistar rats were exposed to cigarette and EC smoke in a specially designed glass bell jar. Urine cotinine levels, testicular weights, gonadosomatic index, sperm count and sperm motility, testicular histology, and biochemical findings were compared with the control group. Results: In some rats in the cigarette and EC group, the seminiferous tubules were disorganized, and the germ cells and Sertoli cells were separated and shed. Stopped germ cell separation, cavity formation, necrosis, fibrosis, and atrophy were observed in severe cases. Higher PCO levels were found in the cigarette group compared to controls. Tissue homogenates levels of LPO were higher in both EC and cigarette groups compared to controls. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of sperm motility and sperm count. (AU)

Objetivo: Una vez demostrados los efectos negativos del tabaquismo sobre la salud pública, los ministerios de salud y las ONG iniciaron campañas contra el consumo de tabaco. Hasta la fecha se han empleado múltiples fármacos en diferentes intentos por reducir la adicción al tabaco y el contenido de nicotina. Recientemente, el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos (CE) ha experimentado una amplia difusión como método para dejar de fumar, si bien sus efectos y posibles daños todavía no se conocen por completo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los efectos de cigarrillos y de CE sobre el sistema urogenital masculino. Métodos: Se expusieron ejemplares masculinos adultos de rata Wistar al humo de cigarrillos y de CE en una campana de cristal especialmente diseñada para dicha prueba. Se compararon niveles de nicotina en orina, peso testicular, índice gonadosomático, recuento y movilidad de espermatozoides, histología testicular y variables bioquímicas con los de un grupo de control. Resultados: En algunas ratas del grupo de cigarrillo y de CE los túbulos seminíferos presentaban desorganización y las células germinales y de Sertoli mostraban separación y desprendimiento. En casos graves se apreció separación detenida de células germinales, formación de cavidades, necrosis, fibrosis y atrofia. En el grupo de cigarrillo se encontraron niveles más altos de PCO en relación con los individuos del grupo control. Los niveles de homogenato de tejido de LPO fueron más elevados tanto en los grupos de CE como de cigarrillos, en comparación con el grupo de control. No se observan diferencias significativas entre grupos en cuanto al recuento y la movilidad de espermatozoides. (AU)

The effect of smoking and electronic cigarettes on rat testicles.

OBJECTIVE: After the negative effects of smoking on public health were proven, smoking cessation campaigns were initiated by health ministries and non-governmental organizations. Many drugs have been tried to reduce the addiction to smoking and the nicotine contained in it. Recently, e-cigarettes (EC) are widely used for smoking cessation efforts, although the effects and possible harms are not fully known. In our study, we planned to show the effect of cigarette and EC smoke on the male urogenital system. METHODS: Adult male wistar rats were exposed to cigarette and EC smoke in a specially designed glass bell jar. Urine cotinine levels, testicular weights, gonadosomatic index, sperm count and sperm motility, testicular histology, and biochemical findings were compared with the control group. RESULTS: In some rats in the cigarette and EC group, the seminiferous tubules were disorganized, and the germ cells and Sertoli cells were separated and shed. Stopped germ cell separation, cavity formation, necrosis, fibrosis, and atrophy were observed in severe cases. Higher PCO levels were found in the cigarette group compared to controls. Tissue homogenates levels of LPO were higher in both EC and cigarette groups compared to controls. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of sperm motility and sperm count. CONCLUSION: Cigarette and EC liquid can increase oxidative stress as well as cause morphological changes in the testicle. To be a safe option in smoking cessation studies, its effect on people needs to be enlightened.

[A Case of Oropharyngeal Tularemia Mimicking Lymphoma During Pregnancy]. / Gebelikte Lenfomayi Taklit Eden Bir Orofarengeal Tularemi Olgusu.

Tularemia is a zoonotic bacterial infectious disease caused by a gram-negative coccobacillus namely Francisella tularensis. In humans, disease leads to several different clinical forms (ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, respiratory, typhoidal and oropharyngeal). Since the main mode of transmission of the disease to humans in Türkiye is by drinking water contaminated with F.tularensis, the oropharyngeal form is the most common clinical manifestation. Since tularemia cases with pregnancy are rare, the literatüre about maternal and fetal complications of tularemia is sparse. In this report, a case of oropharyngeal tularemia mimicking lymphoma during pregnancy was presented. A 33-year-old 11-week pregnant patient living in a village in Sivas province admitted to the infectious diseases and clinical microbiology outpatient clinic with the complaint of swelling in the neck region that continued for six days. The patient, who was engaged in animal husbandry stated that she consumed raw milk and admitted to the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of a hospital 10 days ago with the complaints of fever, chills, and sore throat. She stated that her complaints did not regress with the amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment recommended by her doctor and she noticed the swelling in her neck on the 4th day of the treatment. Upon further questioning, it was understood that the patient had a history of consumption of unchlorinated spring water. Her vital signs were normal and physical examination revealed non-fluctuant lymph nodes with the largest of 5 x 2 cm in the right posterior cervical region, and 3 x 2 cm in the left. Laboratory tests revealed a blood leukocyte count of 13.32 x 103/mm3 (75% granulocytes), a blood hemoglobin of 11.4 g/dL, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 45 mm/hour, and C-reactive protein of 90 mg/L. A non-contrast MRI examination revealed wall thickening of the nasopharynx and enlarged lymph nodes which were suspicious for lymphoma with significant diffusion restriction on diffusionweighted images. As the past medical history and clinical findings were suggestive for tularemia, the microagglutination test (MAT) was studied, but it was reported as negative with a titer at 1/80. Since the patient's complaints continued and tularemia cases were encountered in our region in the past years, the repeated MAT after two weeks was reported as positive with a titer at 1/320. An oropharyngeal form of tularemia was diagnosed and oral ciprofloxacin (2 x 750 mg) was given for three weeks by starting at the 14th gestational week. Lymphoma was excluded by histopathological examination of the fine needle aspiration biopsy performed on the patient's cervical lymph nodes, but the biopsy sample was compatible with granulomatous diseases. Histopathological findings of diagnostic biopsies of the larynx and nasopharynx were reactive. A healthy male baby, 2425 grams, 47 cm, was delivered by cesarean section from the patient who presented with labor contractions at the 37th week of pregnancy. There was no sign of congenital infection in the newborn. The patient and the baby were followed up to the end of one year and no abnormality was found. The evaluation of 17 cases reported in the literatüre including this case, suggest that tularemia may progress to involve serious obstetric complications during pregnancy, such as abortion, premature birth and intrauterine fetal death when appropriate and effective antibiotic treatment is not given.