All aspect of toxic effect of brilliant blue and sunset yellow in Allium cepa roots.

Substances added to food are considerable for survival and are the oldest technologies used in preservation, sweetening and coloring. This work was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the food additives sunset yellow (SY) and brilliant blue (BB) on Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Control and treatment groups were created from germinated roots. Group 1 (control group) did not receive chemicals. Group 2 (SY or BB-treatment group), received increasing doses of SY (25, 50, 100 and 500 ppm) and BB (100, 200, 400 and 500 ppm) with time periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. After different treatment periods, the roots were obtained from all groups and EC50 concentrations, cell death, chromosome aberrations, mitotic index were observed by a light microscopy. Changing antioxidant capacity of roots was determined by FRAP and TEAC assay. Also, DNA damage was measured by comet assay and RAPD-PCR technique. Approximately 50 and 200 ppm were accepted as EC50 value for SY and BB, respectively. Chromosome aberration values were obtained with increasing concentrations and longer treatment times such as chromosome bridge, C-mitosis, micronucleus, chromosome mis-segregation in both groups. Increasing exposure doses of SY and BB caused decreasing mitotic index values at 72 h. FRAP and TEAC assay showed that antioxidant capacity of roots was decreased by increasing concentrations of SY and BB. The tail DNA% and tail length significantly increased for all exposure times when compared to the control group. 50 and 200 ppm of SY and BB caused a genotoxic effect on genetic material at 72 h according to RAPD-PCR. Increasing the doses of SY and BB resulted in increased toxicity to all studied parameters of A. cepa. In conclusion, the SY and BB tested in this study have cytotoxic and mutagenic potential. Furthermore, SY is more harmful than BB for use in the A. cepa root meristematic cells.

Measurement of the distribution of radiation in the area surrounding the target mass using optically stimulated luminescence technique.

The scattered doses received by the area surrounding the target that has been subjected to x-rays were investigated. Two experiments were carried out: 1- Al2O3: C was used as dosimeter and the luminescence counts was measured using both the RisØ TL/OSL system and an ion chamber. 2- BeO aliquots were used and the counts were read using the IBEOX/OSL system. According to the results, the doses absorbed by the area surrounding the target are significantly amount.

Surgical management of an osteoblastoma involving the entire C2 vertebra and a review of literature.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical management of an osteoblastoma involving the entire C2 vertebra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 14-year-old girl presented with unbearable neck pain. Her medical history was unremarkable. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed lytic and osteoblastic bone lesions involving the entire C2 vertebra. The tumor was resected in two stages with vertebral artery mobilization. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteoblastoma. The pain resolved postoperatively, and the patient had no further complaints. Sufficient fusion formation and no tumor recurrence with no complaints were seen in postoperatively 4 years. CONCLUSION: Marginal resection remains the best treatment for osteoblastoma of the spine. If tumor tissue surrounds the vertebral artery, the vertebral artery should be mobilized and the surrounding tumor mass excised.

Spinal arachnoid cysts associated with syringomyelia: a review of the literature and report of a case.

Syringomyelia is a not infrequent pathology that develops related to changes in cerebrospinal fluid dynamics due to many etiological factors. The development of syringomyelia through a spinal arachnoid cyst is quite rare and has been defined in only 31 cases in the literature. A case due to thoracic epidural lipomatosis has also been reported. There have been no previous reports of thoracic region epidural lipomatosis with underlying arachnoid cyst and syringomyelia as in our case. We present a 27-year-old patient who developed thoracic arachnoid cyst and underlying syringomyelia because of the pressure of the thoracic epidural fat tissue and also evaluate the characteristics of patients with syringomyelia by virtue of an arachnoid cyst previously reported in the literature.

Cervical eosinophilic granuloma and torticollis: a case report and review of the literature.

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) is a benign and solitary bony lesion of unknown etiology, which typically affects children: 90% of patients are between the ages of 5 and 15 years. EG, a variant of histiocytosis X, is a rare disease causing destructive bony lesions of the cervical spine in children. This report describes the case of a 5-year-old boy with torticollis who presented to the Emergency Department and was found to have EG of C6. He was successfully treated with anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion by using anterior plate and screws, with resolution of his symptoms.

Disseminated nocardiosis due to unusual species: two case reports.

Pulmonary nocardiosis is the major clinical manifestation of human nocardiosis and disseminated infection can be seen in immunocompromised patients. N. asteroides is the predominant pathogen associated with disseminated diseases. We report 2 cases of pulmonary nocardiosis admitted with disseminated infection, caused by rare species of Nocardia: Nocardia transvalensis and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica.