A systematic review on hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against various drugs and toxic agents: Evidence from preclinical studies.

Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in human diet that has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of quercetin were discussed in this review. Quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity against 2-butoxyethanol, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, aflatoxin B1, aroclor-1254, arsenic, sodium arsenite, azathioprine, cadmium chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorpyrifos, cyclosporine A, diazinon, dimethylnitrosamine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, ethanol, fenvalerate, isoniazide, rifampicin, lead acetate, lindane, D-galactosamine, methotrexate, methylmercury, nickel sulfate, paracetamol, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine, rotenone, sodium fluoride, streptazotocin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, thioacetamide, titanium dioxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, tripterygium glycoside, triptolide, ultraviolet A light, concavalin A, bisphenol, and ischemia-induced hepatotoxicity in various animal models due to its antioxidant, free radical-scavenging,anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitory activities. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which quercetin reduced the hepatotoxicity of different hepatotoxicants. This will help the toxicologists, pharmacologists, and chemists to develop new safer pharmaceutical products with quercetin and other hepatotoxicants.

A comprehensive review on hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities of chrysin against various drugs and toxic agents.

Chrysin belongs to the flavonoids and has been used as traditional medicine from ancient and has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the hepato- and nephroprotective activities of chrysin were discussed in this review. Chrysin exhibited hepatoprotective activity against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, carbon tetrachloride, cisplatin, d-galactosamine, doxorubicin, ethanol, lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine, methotrexate, ammonium chloride, paracetamol, diethylnitrosamine, streptozotocin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, thioacetamide, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatotoxicity and nephroprotective activity against cisplatin, doxorubicin, paracetamol, gentamicin, streptazotocin, N-nitrosodiethyl amine, 5-fluorouracil, adenine, carbon tetrachloride, copper, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin, colistin, Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methylester and ethanol in various animal models due to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic activities. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which chrysin reduced the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of different toxicants. This will help the toxicologists, pharmacologists and chemists to develop new safer pharmaceutical products with chrysin and other toxicants.