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1.
Oral Health Prev Dent ; 13(4): 289-99, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26106647

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To review the mechanisms of action and clinical applications of bisphosphonate drugs, which are widely used in the management of metastatic bone cancer and systemic metabolic bone diseases, as well as the complications related to bisphosphonate treatment, emphasising the occurrence and management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the medical and dental literature was conducted in Medline and Embase using a combination of the key words bisphosphonates, jaw, complications, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis and periodontal disease. A manual search of the references of the retrieved articles was also performed. RESULTS: BRONJ predominantly affects cancer patients being treated with high-dose intravenous bisphosphonates and is characterised by the appearance of necrotic bone in the oral cavity either spontaneously or following an invasive surgical procedure such as dental extraction. The severity of this condition warrants a thorough medical and dental history in every patient in order to identify high risk patients. CONCLUSION: It is important that dental practitioners be aware of the association between bisphosphonate treatment and osteonecrosis of the jaws. Clinicians should perform a thorough oral examination in cancer patients before they begin intravenous bisphosphonate treatment. Optimal oral hygiene and regular dental care can lower BRONJ risk. Further clinical research is necessary to unveil the full therapeutic potential of bisphosphonates, their mechanisms of action and the factors that induce unwanted side-effects.


Asunto(s)
Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/prevención & control , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapéutico , Administración Intravenosa , Administración Oral , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Atención Odontológica , Difosfonatos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Higiene Bucal , Factores de Riesgo
2.
J Dent ; 39(12): 849-54, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21946158

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: A link between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular events has been proposed, but confounding by shared risk factors such as smoking and diabetes remains a concern. We examined the prevalence of PD and its contribution to C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in subjects without AMI and with angiographically nonobstructive coronary disease in the absence of these confounding risk factors. METHODS: Periodontal status and admission CRP levels were evaluated in 87 non-diabetic and non-smoking subjects undergoing cardiac catheterization. The study group comprised of 47 patients with documented AMI, and 40 subjects without AMI and with angiographically nonobstructive coronary disease (ANCD group). RESULTS: Both the prevalence of PD and CRP levels were significantly higher in AMI patients compared with ANCD subjects (38.3% vs. 17.5%, p=0.03 and 44.3 vs. 8.5 mg/L, p<0.001 respectively). PD was associated with higher CRP levels in AMI patients (52.5 vs. 36.1 mg/L, p=0.04) as well as in ANCD subjects, however, in this group this was not significant (12.6 vs. 7.6 mg/L, p=0.5). Multivariable regression analysis confirmed two separate measures of PD as strong and independent contributors to elevated CRP levels in AMI patients (R2 = 0.28, R2 = 0.30, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PD contributes to elevated CRP levels in non-diabetic, non-smoking AMI patients, independently of other confounding factors. These findings imply that periodontitis may emerge as a novel target for reducing future risk in AMI survivors.


Asunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Enfermedades Periodontales/sangre , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad Coronaria/complicaciones , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Forma MB de la Creatina-Quinasa/sangre , Femenino , Hemorragia Gingival/sangre , Hemorragia Gingival/complicaciones , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/sangre , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/complicaciones , Enfermedades Periodontales/complicaciones , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/sangre , Bolsa Periodontal/complicaciones , Periodontitis/sangre , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Pérdida de Diente/complicaciones , Troponina I/sangre
3.
J Am Dent Assoc ; 140(9): 1100-7, 2009 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19723942

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Investigators have evaluated predictive parameters of tooth loss during the maintenance phase (MP). The authors conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the rate of tooth loss and to explore the parameters that affect tooth loss during MP in a Greek population. METHODS: A periodontist administered periodontal treatment and maintenance care to 280 participants with severe periodontitis for a mean period +/- standard deviation of 10.84 +/- 2.13 years. The periodontist recorded the following parameters for each participant: oral hygiene index level, simplified gingival index level, clinical attachment level, probing depth measurements, initial tooth prognosis, smoking status, tooth loss during active periodontal treatment and MP, and compliance with suggested maintenance visits. RESULTS: The authors found that total tooth loss during active treatment (n = 1,427) was greater than during MP (n = 918) and was associated with the initial tooth prognosis, tooth type group, participants' compliance with suggested maintenance visits, smoking status and acceptability of the quality of tooth restorations. Most of the teeth extracted during maintenance had an initial guarded prognosis (n = 612). Participants whose compliance was erratic had a greater risk of undergoing tooth extraction than did participants whose compliance was complete. CONCLUSIONS: Participants' initial tooth prognosis, tooth type, compliance with suggested maintenance visits and smoking status affected tooth loss during MP. Initial guarded prognosis and erratic compliance increased the risk of undergoing tooth extraction during maintenance. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Determining predictive parameters for disease progression and tooth loss provides critical information to clinicians so that they can develop and implement rational treatment planning.


Asunto(s)
Periodontitis/prevención & control , Pérdida de Diente/etiología , Adulto , Diente Premolar/patología , Diente Canino/patología , Restauración Dental Permanente/clasificación , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Predicción , Defectos de Furcación/diagnóstico por imagen , Grecia , Humanos , Incisivo/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diente Molar/patología , Índice de Higiene Oral , Cooperación del Paciente , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/clasificación , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/clasificación , Pronóstico , Radiografía de Mordida Lateral , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar , Extracción Dental
4.
J Periodontol ; 80(5): 824-32, 2009 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19405837

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease is an inflammatory process which may result in damage to and/or loss of tooth-supporting tissues, including bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament. Significant evidence supports a strong correlation between periodontitis and diseased or altered cementum. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of fibronectin in normal human cementum and to determine whether its distribution is altered in periodontitis. METHODS: Five healthy and 10 periodontally affected teeth were collected. Following fixation and demineralization, specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and exposed to antibodies against fibronectin. Stained sections were assessed using light microscopy. RESULTS: The distribution of fibronectin, in the form of fibrils, in normal cementum was uniform in the whole cementum mass. In recession cementum, fibronectin appeared to lose its fibrillar morphology or to be completely amorphous on the whole cementum mass. Fibronectin showed variation in its distribution and fibrillar structure in pocket cementum; its absence from the cementum surface is characteristic. In the cementum apical to the pocket, fibronectin showed normal fibril structures, similar to normal cementum. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in cementum due to periodontitis include changes in the distribution and morphology of fibronectin. These changes may influence the ability for regeneration and connective tissue attachment onto periodontally affected root surfaces.


Asunto(s)
Cemento Dental/química , Fibronectinas/análisis , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Periodontitis/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cemento Dental/metabolismo , Femenino , Fibronectinas/química , Recesión Gingival/metabolismo , Recesión Gingival/patología , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Masculino , Bolsa Periodontal/metabolismo , Bolsa Periodontal/patología
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