RESUMEN
We analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast DNA: the intergenic spacer between trnL (UAA) 3'exon and trnF (GAA). Two kinds of sequence, "type-1" and "type-2," were detected in 33 populations of Cannabis sativa. The length of the "type-1" fragment was 354 bp. In contrast, the "type-2" fragment from 3 populations was 353 bp long, with only one base deletion compared to "type-1." The fragment length from Humulus lupulus was 353 bp with a 1-bp deletion, and ten 1-bp substitutions compared to the sequences from C. sativa "type-1." Furthermore, we could clearly identify differences between C. sativa and H. lupulus using single-strand conformation polymorphism of PCR products (PCR-SSCP) analysis.
Asunto(s)
Cannabis/genética , ADN de Cloroplastos/genética , Variación Genética , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo Conformacional Retorcido-Simple , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
A new flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl -(1-->6)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-a lpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, named astrasikokioside I, was isolated from aerial part of Astragalus shikokianus, together with two flavonol glycosides, kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L- rhamnopyranoside, robinin, and three triterpenoid glycosides, soyasaponin I, sophoraflavoside II and robinioside E.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Oligosacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Rosales/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Flavonoides/química , Oligosacáridos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Saponinas/químicaRESUMEN
To clarify the characteristics of genus Curcuma plants, we studied the properties of six strains of Curcuma longa L. and two strains of C. aromatica Salisb. preserved at Izu Experimental Station for Medicinal Plants of National Institute of Health Sciences. Six strains of C. longa were classified into three types according to morphological characteristics, rhizome production, and differences in curcuminoid content of rhizome. The curcuminoid content of the rhizomes in each strain ranged from 2.20 mg/g to 55.23 mg/g. Strains showing a high curcuminoid content had a low rhizome yield. No difference was observed between two strains of C. aromatica in terms of morphological characteristics. C. longa can be easily distinguished by differences in the development of tuberous roots and the color of the rhizome cross section.
Asunto(s)
Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Plantas Medicinales/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Curcumina/análisis , Diarilheptanoides , Agencias Gubernamentales , Japón , Plantas Medicinales/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
The phylogenetic relationship of Atractylodes lancea, A. chinensis, A. koreana, A. ovata and A. japonica were analyzed by comparing the 2.6 kb sequence in a chloroplast gene trnK encoding tRNALys (UUU). The dried rhizomes of the former three species have been used as the crude drug "So-jutsu" and those of the latter two as "Byaku-jutsu" in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine ("Kampo-medicine"). The trnK phylogenetic tree revealed that A. ovata is an outgroup of the five Atractylodes species examined and that A. japonica and A. lancea are most closely related. PCR amplification of trnK with HinfI digestion provided us with a simple method to distinguish A. ovata from other Atractylodes species at the molecular level.
Asunto(s)
Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas/genética , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Filogenia , Plantas Medicinales/genética , Plantas Medicinales/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN de Transferencia de Lisina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Total DNAs were prepared from the leaves of Atractylodes lancea DE CANDOLLE, A. chinensis KOIDZUMI, A. lancea var. simplicifolia KITAMURA, A. japonica KOIDZUMI ex KITAMURA and A. ovata DE CANDOLLE. The DNAs were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Some primers showed the definitive polymorphic DNA patterns in A. lancea, A. japonica and A. ovata. The RAPD of A. lancea var. simplicifolia and one of A. chinensis gave similar patterns to those of A. lancea, but one of the other A. chinensis gave a similar pattern to A. japonica. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of atractylon, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin in the rhizomes was done using gas chromatography. Though atractylon was detected not only in A. japonica and A. ovata but also in some of A. lancea, their RAPD profiles revealed the presence of intraspecific variation with A. lancea.
Asunto(s)
ADN de Plantas/genética , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Polimorfismo Genético , Sesquiterpenos de Eudesmano , Cromatografía de Gases , ADN de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Furanos/análisis , Medicina Tradicional China , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Técnica del ADN Polimorfo Amplificado Aleatorio , Sesquiterpenos/análisis , Compuestos de Espiro/análisis , Terpenos/análisisRESUMEN
Total DNA was extracted from the leaves of Atractylodes lancea DE CANDOLLE, A. ovata DE CANDOLLE and A. japonica KOIDZUMI ex KITAMURA of various origins and hybridized with digoxigenin-labeled rice ribosomal DNA after digestion with eight different restriction endonucleases. The resulting restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles allowed us to distinguish the three Atractylodes species when DNA was digested with Sac I. Although atractylon was detected in the rhizomes of some of the cultivated strains of A. lancea, their RFLP profiles clearly indicate that these plants are not hybrids of A. ovata or A. japonica. RFLP analysis also revealed the presence of intraspecific variation in DNA sequence of rRNA locus among A. lancea as well as A. japonica.