A comparison of 24 chemicals in the six-well bacterial reverse mutation assay to the standard 100-mm Petri plate bacterial reverse mutation assay in two laboratories.

The bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames) is a fundamental genetic toxicology test, and efforts to miniaturize the regulatory GLP version are essential in assessing genotoxic liabilities earlier in the drug development pipeline. Two versions of the Ames were compared: the six-well (miniaturized) plate and the standard 100-mm plate test at two different laboratories. Of twenty-four chemicals tested, a subset of six chemicals was tested in the six-well test only and the remaining eighteen were evaluated in both versions of the test. The plate incorporation procedure was used with one Escherichia coli and four different Salmonella strains. The six-well test uses the same plating procedure and evaluation methods as the standard Ames assay in 100-mm plates, but the smaller format requires 20% of the test chemical. Additionally, the six-well test uses a limit concentration of 1000 µg/well versus the standard Petri plate test limit concentration of 5000 µg/plate. Testing across the two formats resulted in 100% concordance in overall mutagenicity judgement and 94% concordance across all tester strains and conditions. Known mutagenic positive control chemicals were correctly detected as positive in both formats. The overall conclusion is that the six-well assay results are concordant with the standard assay format in this evaluation and could be a reliable alternative.

[Development and optimization of the methods for determining activity of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in plasma].

The activity and content of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are important indicators of pathological processes, because its content in plasma increases at acute myocardium infarction, tumor, diabetes mellitus, etc. The present work is dedicated to the development and optimization of the methods of PAI-1 activity definition, which can be used in clinical practice. We have proposed the modification of the method COATEST PAI with the usage of chromogenic substrate S2251. According to our modification, the cyanogen bromide fragments of human fibrinogen have been changed into bovine desAB-fibrin. We have also developed the method with the usage of fibrin films. In this method fibrin is used as a stimulator of activation reaction and as a substrate at the same time. Using fibrin, the native substrate of plasmin, we provide high specificity of the reaction and exclude the cross-reaction with other plasma enzymes.

[Atypical endoscopic papillotomy in diagnostic-treatment algorhythm for obstruction of terminal part of the common biliary duct].

The results of atypical endoscopic papillotomy with subsequent transpapillary intervention, performed in the clinic in 2001-2006 for the diagnosis-treatment aim in 1090 patients, suffering obstruction of terminal part of common biliary duct, were studied. Complications had occurred in 62 (5.7%) patients, bleeding--in 34 (3.1%) of them. All the patients had survived.

[Simultaneous operations during laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. / Simultannye operatsii pri vypolnenii laparoskopicheskoi kholetsistektomii.

Simultant laparoscopic operations were performed in 1993-2003 yrs period in 321 patients, including 287--using laparoscopic and 34--the combined (laparoscopic and open) access. Concurrent diseases were diagnosed preoperatively in 219 (68.2%) of patients and were disclosed while doing intraoperative revision--in 102 (31.8%). The simultant operations performance, as a rule, enhanced mildly the total duration of a basic stage, did not influence the duration of postoperative period and the patients rehabilitation essentially, as well as for frequency of the intra--and postoperative complications occurrence. The authors consider that it is expedient to perform laparoscopic intervention simultaneously for concurrent surgical diseases of abdominal cavity.

[Lessons on laparoscopic cholecystectomy (summary of the experience]. / Uroki laparoskopicheskoi kholetsistéktomii (obobshchenie opyta)].

The experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy conduction in 6524 patients with nontumoral diseases of gallbladder (chronic calculous cholecystitis, an acute calculous cholecystitis, chronic noncalculous cholecystitis, the gallbladder polyposis) was summarized. While comparing the initial seizing experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the clinic the tendency was noted, trusting the skills improvement in management of laparoscopic technique, permitting to reduce the contraindications quantity for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several principles were elaborated, which is necessary to follow doing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for improvement of results of treatment in patients and for complications reduction.

[Laparoscopic interventions on choledochus: 5 year experience]. / Laparoskopicheskie vmeshatel'stva na obshchem zhelchnom protoke: piatiletnii opyt.

Complex examination of 69 patients with complicated cholelithic disease was performed. The elaborated in the clinic algorithm for preoperative examination of the patients was applied to reveal the main bile ducts pathology. Indications for the laparoscopic interventions on choledochus performance were substantiated.