Comprehensive framework of factors accounting for worse aortic aneurysm outcomes in females: A scoping review.

Sex-based outcome studies have consistently documented worse results for females undergoing care for abdominal aortic aneurysms. This review explores the underlying factors that account for worse outcomes in the females sex. A scoping review of studies reporting sex-based disparities on abdominal aortic aneurysms was performed. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. Factors that account for worse outcomes in the females sex were identified, grouped into themes, and analyzed. Key findings of each study are reported and a comprehensive framework of these factors is presented. A total of 35 studies were identified as critical in highlighting sex-based disparities in care of patients with aortic aneurysms. We identified the following 10 interrelated themes in the chain of aneurysm care that account for differential outcomes in females: natural history, risk factors, pathobiology, biomechanics, screening, morphology, device design and adherence to instructions for use, technique, trial enrollment, and social determinants. Factors accounting for worse outcomes in the care of females with aortic aneurysms were identified and described. Some factors are immediately actionable, such as screening criteria, whereas device design improvement will require further research and development. This comprehensive framework of factors affecting care of aneurysms in females should serve as a blueprint to develop education, outreach, and future research efforts to improve outcomes in females.

Factors associated with successful median arcuate ligament release in an international, multi-institutional cohort.

OBJECTIVE: Prior research on median arcuate ligament syndrome has been limited to institutional case series, making the optimal approach to median arcuate ligament release (MALR) and resulting outcomes unclear. In the present study, we compared the outcomes of different approaches to MALR and determined the predictors of long-term treatment failure. METHODS: The Vascular Low Frequency Disease Consortium is an international, multi-institutional research consortium. Data on open, laparoscopic, and robotic MALR performed from 2000 to 2020 were gathered. The primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as no improvement in median arcuate ligament syndrome symptoms after MALR or symptom recurrence between MALR and the last clinical follow-up. RESULTS: For 516 patients treated at 24 institutions, open, laparoscopic, and robotic MALR had been performed in 227 (44.0%), 235 (45.5%), and 54 (10.5%) patients, respectively. Perioperative complications (ileus, cardiac, and wound complications; readmissions; unplanned procedures) occurred in 19.2% (open, 30.0%; laparoscopic, 8.9%; robotic, 18.5%; P < .001). The median follow-up was 1.59 years (interquartile range, 0.38-4.35 years). For the 488 patients with follow-up data available, 287 (58.8%) had had full relief, 119 (24.4%) had had partial relief, and 82 (16.8%) had derived no benefit from MALR. The 1- and 3-year freedom from treatment failure for the overall cohort was 63.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.0%-68.3%) and 51.9% (95% CI, 46.1%-57.3%), respectively. The factors associated with an increased hazard of treatment failure on multivariable analysis included robotic MALR (hazard ratio [HR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.16-2.59; P = .007), a history of gastroparesis (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09-3.09; P = .023), abdominal cancer (HR, 10.3; 95% CI, 3.06-34.6; P < .001), dysphagia and/or odynophagia (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.27-4.69; P = .008), no relief from a celiac plexus block (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.00-4.72; P = .049), and an increasing number of preoperative pain locations (HR, 1.12 per location; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25; P = .042). The factors associated with a lower hazard included increasing age (HR, 0.99 per increasing year; 95% CI, 0.98-1.0; P = .012) and an increasing number of preoperative diagnostic gastrointestinal studies (HR, 0.84 per study; 95% CI, 0.74-0.96; P = .012) Open and laparoscopic MALR resulted in similar long-term freedom from treatment failure. No radiographic parameters were associated with differences in treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: No difference was found in long-term failure after open vs laparoscopic MALR; however, open release was associated with higher perioperative morbidity. These results support the use of a preoperative celiac plexus block to aid in patient selection. Operative candidates for MALR should be counseled regarding the factors associated with treatment failure and the relatively high overall rate of treatment failure.

Dual true and false lumen stent graft technique for endovascular repair of isolated common iliac artery aneurysm in chronic type A10 dissection.

A 52-year-old man presented with a chronic type A10 aortic dissection with subsequent aneurysmal degeneration of the left common iliac artery measuring up to 4.6 cm. He had previously undergone hemiarch replacement, which was complicated by renal failure. Owing to the presence of the growing aneurysm, he was unable to be listed for renal transplantation. He declined open operative repair. A novel dual true and false lumen stent graft technique using thoracic endografts was performed to successfully exclude the aneurysm. Follow-up imaging demonstrated aneurysm sac regression, with the patient subsequently undergoing renal transplantation.

Outcomes of a single-center experience with classification and treatment of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis after endovenous ablation.

OBJECTIVE: Endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) is a known complication of endothermal venous ablation procedures. EHIT can lead to deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, which cause significant disability and, rarely, death. Other studies have evaluated risk factors for EHIT. There is an accepted grading system for EHIT, but there is no consensus on treatment type, duration, or follow-up. We retrospectively evaluated all cases of EHIT after radiofrequency ablation or endovenous laser ablation at our institution during a 7-year period, focusing on classification, treatment, and outcomes of EHIT. METHODS: The analysis included all patients aged >18 years who underwent radiofrequency ablation or endovenous laser ablation at our institution, Spectrum Health Hospital Vein Solutions (Grand Rapids, Mich), between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. Electronic medical records were queried retrospectively to identify patients with EHIT during the study interval by International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision code. Demographic data, including age, gender, comorbidities (eg, history of deep venous thrombosis, hypercoagulable state, family history of blood clots, etc), body mass index, Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) classification, and use of preoperative anticoagulation were collected for each patient in the registry. Each patient had a required postoperative duplex ultrasound (US) examination within 1 to 2 weeks of the procedure. Preoperative and postoperative US imaging data and procedure-specific data were also recorded for each patient. EHIT was graded from 1 to 4 by review of the US studies. Each patient's treatment course was reviewed for type of anticoagulation, duration of treatment, follow-up imaging, and outcome. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2014, 4799 ablations were performed at Spectrum Health Hospital Vein Center, and EHIT was identified in 70 patients. At presentation, 87% of patients were asymptomatic, 10% reported pain, and 2.9% reported swelling. Patients with EHIT grades 1 or 2 were treated with daily aspirin, and most of those with grades 3 or 4 were treated with systemic anticoagulation. Repeat US imaging was performed at 1 to 2 weeks to evaluate progression. Progression was not seen in any patients treated with systemic anticoagulation (grades 3-4). Thrombus progression occurred in two patients with grades 1 or 2 EHIT treated with aspirin. A bleeding complication occurred in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: EHIT after endovenous ablation occurred in ∼1.5% of patients, which is similar to that reported in the literature. Our review shows that systemic anticoagulation is effective in the prevention of progression with a low risk of bleeding complications. Patients with EHIT grades 1 or 2 can be treated with aspirin alone with a low risk of progression (3%).

Outcomes for forearm and upper arm arteriovenous fistula creation with the transposition technique.

OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of three different types of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) transpositions (forearm cephalic vein transposition [FACVT], upper arm cephalic vein transposition [UACVT], and upper arm basilic vein transposition [UABVT]) for dialysis patients in a single center. METHODS: A 6-year retrospective review, from 2006 to 2012, was conducted at a single institution in which the surgical outcomes for three different types of AVF transposition were reviewed. Preoperative duplex vein mapping was obtained in all patients to choose the best vein for access. RESULTS: There were 165 patients identified with 77 FACVTs, 52 UACVTs, and 36 UABVTs. Primary access maturation rates for the FACVT, UACVT, and UABVT groups were 86%, 90%, and 97%, respectively (P = .19). All transposed, matured primary AVFs were used after a mean of 9.9 weeks, without additional intervention. Primary 1-year patency for the FACVT, UACVT, and UABVT groups were 63%, 61%, and 70%, respectively (P = .71). Primary assisted 1-year patency for the FACVT, UACVT, and UABVT groups were 93%, 93%, and 100%, respectively (P > .999). Mean operating room times and time to intervention were not significantly different between the groups. The postoperative hematoma rate was 2% and wound infection rate was 2%. Multivariate analysis indicated no significant predictors of time to failure (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: With low primary failure rates, reduced need for secondary interventions before maturation, and 1-year primary assisted patency rates in excess of 93%, our study showed that the transposition technique, in our experience, is superior to previously published literature in hemodialysis access creation.

Spontaneous Irs1 passenger mutation linked to a gene-targeted SerpinB2 allele.

In characterizing mice with targeted disruption of the SerpinB2 gene, we observed animals that were small at birth with delayed growth and decreased life expectancy. Although this phenotype cosegregated with homozygosity for the inactive SerpinB2 allele, analysis of homozygous SerpinB2-deficient mice derived from two additional independent embryonic stem (ES) cell clones exhibited no growth abnormalities. Examination of additional progeny from the original SerpinB2-deficient line revealed recombination between the small phenotype (smla) and the SerpinB2 locus. The locus responsible for smla was mapped to a 2.78-Mb interval approximately 30 Mb proximal to SerpinB2, bounded by markers D1Mit382 and D1Mit216. Sequencing of Irs1 identified a nonsense mutation at serine 57 (S57X), resulting in complete loss of IRS1 protein expression. Analysis of ES cell DNA suggests that the S57X Irs1 mutation arose spontaneously in an ES cell subclone during cell culture. Although the smla phenotype is similar to previously reported Irs1 alleles, mice exhibited decreased survival, in contrast to the enhanced longevity reported for IRS1 deficiency generated by gene targeting. This discrepancy could result from differences in strain background, unintended indirect effects of the gene targeting, or the minimal genetic interference of the S57X mutation compared with the conventionally targeted Irs1-KO allele. Spontaneous mutations arising during ES cell culture may be a frequent but underappreciated occurrence. When linked to a targeted allele, such mutations could lead to incorrect assignment of phenotype and may account for a subset of markedly discordant results from experiments independently targeting the same gene.