Enhancement of fast scan cyclic voltammetry detection of dopamine with tryptophan-modified electrodes.

Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) allows for real -time analysis of phasic neurotransmitter levels. Tryptophan (TRP) is an aromatic amino acid responsible for facilitating electron transfer kinetics in oxidoreductase enzymes. Previous work with TRP-modified electrodes showed increased sensitivity for cyclic voltammetry detection of dopamine (DA) when used with slower scan rates (0.05 V/s). Here, we outline an in vitro proof of concept for TRP-modified electrodes in FSCV detection of DA, and decreased sensitivity for ascorbic acid (AA). TRP-modified electrodes had a limit of detection (LOD) for DA of 2.480 ± 0.343 nM compared to 8.348 ± 0.405 nM for an uncoated electrode. Selectivity for DA/ascorbic acid (AA) was 1.107 ± 0.3643 for uncoated and 15.57 ± 4.184 for TRP-modified electrodes. Additionally, these TRP-modified electrodes demonstrated reproducibility when exposed to extended cycling. TRP-modified electrodes will provide an effective modification to increase sensitivity for DA.

Ether Cleavage Re-Investigated: Elucidating the Mechanism of BBr3-Facilitated Demethylation of Aryl Methyl Ethers.

One of the most well-known, highly utilized reagents for ether cleavage is boron tribromide (BBr3), and this reagent is frequently employed in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio with ethers. Density functional theory calculations predict a new mechanistic pathway involving charged intermediates for ether cleavage in aryl methyl ethers. Moreover, these calculations predict that one equivalent of BBr3 can cleave up to three equivalents of anisole, producing triphenoxyborane [B(OPh)3] prior to hydrolysis. These predictions were validated by gas chromatography analysis of reactions where the BBr3:anisole ratio was varied. Not only do we confirm that sub-stoichiometric equivalents may be used for ether demethylation, but the findings also support our newly proposed three cycle mechanism for cleavage of aryl methyl ethers.

Synthesis and photophysical properties of biphenyl and terphenyl arylene-ethynylene macrocycles.

A series of single-walled carbon nanotube precursors, C3h-symmetric cyclotri(ethynylene)(biphenyl-2,4'-diyl) and cyclotri(ethynylene)(p-terphenyl-2,4″-diyl), have been prepared by a linear stepwise oligomerization-cyclization route and by statistical intermolecular cyclooligomerization. In addition to producing these members of a novel class of arylene ethynylene macrocycles, 1 and 2, the latter statistical process produces the smaller cyclic dimer, cyclodi(ethynylene)(p-terphenyl-2,4″-diyl) and the larger cyclic tetramer cyclotetra(ethynylene)(biphenyl-2,4'-diyl). These macrocycles display large Stokes shifts in their fluorescence spectra. Their biphenyl or terphenyl connectivity prevents these macrocycles from achieving full planarity in the ground state, and the ethynylene moieties could provide synthetic access to cyclic arylene oligomers and discrete carbon nanotube segments.

Boroxine chemistry and applications: A perspective.

This perspective summarizes the chemistry of boroxines and outlines progress towards incorporating these ring structures into functional materials and macromolecular architectures. Special attention is paid to the dynamic covalent chemistry of boroxine ring construction and how these processes lead to novel molecular architectures and functional materials. Also highlighted in this perspective is the rich chemistry surrounding boroxine-ligand interactions and how these interactions flavor many areas of boroxine chemistry.

Arylene imine macrocycles of C3h and C3 symmetry from reductive imination of nitroformylarenes.

Novel C(3)-symmetric phenylene imine macrocycles have been synthesized by reductive imination of single nitroformylarenes. Pore size and geometric shape are dictated by the distance between and orientation of the nitro and aldehyde moieties in the precursor backbone. This reaction is facile, requires no purification of the products, and is environmentally friendly.