Filling the gap in CNS drug development: evaluation of the role of drug repurposing.

Background and objective: Background and objective: Drug repurposing has been considered a cost-effective and reduced-risk strategy for developing new drugs. Little is known and documented regarding the efficiency of repurposing strategies in drug development. The objective of this article is to assess the extent and meaning of this process in the CNS area. Methods: In order to identify repurposed drugs that target the CNS, an extensive search was performed. For each identified case, its initial and target indication, development status and the type of repurposing strategy (repositioning, reformulation or both) was recorded. Results: One hundred and eighteen source products were identified. They were repurposed (mainly repositioned) 203 times with 81 products repurposed once and 38 products repurposed twice or more. The highest number of source drugs originated from the CNS area. Alzheimer's disease was targeted most often. Half of the new indications were approved. Regarding repurposing within the CNS area, epilepsy, schizophrenia and depression were the richest sources of repurposed drugs. Conclusions: Repurposing drugs into CNS is an efficient and very active drug development method, exemplified by the considerable number of new indications that have been found via this strategy, with approximately half of the target indications currently under development.

Harris-Lingoes MMPI-2 Pd subscales and the assessment of law enforcement candidates.

This study analyzed the performance of 111 male law enforcement applicants on MMPI-2 Harris-Lingoes Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) subscales. Applicants' self-descriptions derived from their scores on these subscales showed greater confidence and resistance to authority and less social alienation and personal unhappiness than the MMPI-2 national normative sample. A multiple regression analysis indicated that Pd2 (Authority Problems) was the best predictor of K-corrected Pd scores for the sample of applicants.

Police officer candidate MMPI-2 performance: gender, ethnic, and normative factors.

Eighty-four police officer applicants (61 White males, 12 White Females, and 11 minority males) were administered the MMPI-2 as part of an employment screening assessment. All the applications showed a defensive style, low scores on scales 2 and 0, and extreme scores on scale 5. Implications of high scale 5 scores for female and low scale 5 scores for male police officer applicants are discussed.