RESUMEN
Data on emergent epidemiological analysis of the cholera outbreak in Kazan are presented. A version of the cholera focus emergence was confirmed, namely water route of transmission as a result of bathing in a water reservoir where sewage waters had penetrated. The outbreak had local and acute character. The complex of cholera control interventions aimed at localization and liquidation of the focus proved to be effective.
Asunto(s)
Cólera/prevención & control , Contaminación del Agua/prevención & control , Cólera/epidemiología , Cólera/etiología , Cólera/transmisión , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Transmisión de Enfermedad Infecciosa , Agua Dulce/microbiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Federación de Rusia , Saneamiento/normas , Aguas del Alcantarillado/efectos adversos , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Natación , Vibrio cholerae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Information on V. cholerae eltor isolated in the focus of cholera in Kazan in 2001 at different periods of the outbreak is presented. The identity of strains isolated from patients, vibriocarriers and environmental objects, including their antibioticograms (sensitivity to cyprofloxacin and resistance to trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid, which may be regarded as markers), is shown. Variable tandem repetitions in the DNA of 30 isolates strains of different origin have been determined. The results of this determination make it possible to classify all these strains as one genotype, which confirms the suggestion on the circulation of one subclone of the infective agent of cholera in the focus. As revealed in this investigation, the isolated strains are labile with respect to diagnostic phage eltor, while ctx+ strains are resistant to phage eltor ctx+.
Asunto(s)
Cólera/metabolismo , Vibrio cholerae/genética , Vibrio cholerae/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores , Cólera/tratamiento farmacológico , Cólera/epidemiología , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Furazolidona/metabolismo , Genotipo , Humanos , Ácido Nalidíxico/metabolismo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Estreptomicina/metabolismo , Sulfametoxazol/metabolismo , Resistencia al Trimetoprim/genética , Vibrio cholerae/clasificación , Vibrio cholerae/efectos de los fármacos , Vibrio cholerae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The data on the mechanisms of microbial resistance to fluoroquinolones are presented. Comparison of the susceptibility levels of the microorganisms isolated on the territory of Russia showed that among the gram-negative opportunistic isolates 84 per cent was susceptible to ofloxacin, 45 per cent to ampicillin/sulbactam, 70 per cent to cefotaxime, 80 per cent to ceftazidime, 85 per cent to amikacin and 62 per cent to gentamicin. Among the Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio cholerae isolates no strains were resistant to ofloxacin. Among the Salmonella isolates from patients more than 30 per cent was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulmethoxasole and tetracycline. Among the Salmonella isolates 65 to 90 per cent was resistant to the antibiotics. Among the V.cholerae isolates 59 per cent was resistant to trimethoprim/sulmethoxasole.