Observation of multiple volume reflection of ultrarelativistic protons by a sequence of several bent silicon crystals.

The interactions of 400 GeV protons with different sequences of bent silicon crystals have been investigated at the H8 beam line of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The multiple volume reflection of the proton beam has been studied in detail on a five-crystal reflector measuring an angular beam deflection theta = 52.96 +/- 0.14 microrad. The efficiency was found larger than 80% for an angular acceptance at the reflector entrance of 70 microrad, with a maximal efficiency value of epsilon = 0.90 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.03.

Volume reflection dependence of 400 GeV/c protons on the bent crystal curvature.

The trend of volume reflection parameters (deflection angle and efficiency) in a bent (110) silicon crystal has been investigated as a function of the crystal curvature with 400 GeV/c protons on the H8 beam line at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. This Letter describes the analysis performed at six different curvatures showing that the optimal radius for volume reflection is approximately 10 times greater than the critical radius for channeling. A strong scattering of the beam by the planar potential is also observed for a bend radius close to the critical one.

Experimental study for the feasibility of a crystalline undulator.

We present an idea for creation of a crystalline undulator and report its first realization. One face of a silicon crystal was given periodic microscratches (grooves) by means of a diamond blade. The x-ray tests of the crystal deformation due to a given periodic pattern of surface scratches have shown that a sinusoidal-like shape is observed on both the scratched surface and the opposite (unscratched) face of the crystal; that is, a periodic sinusoidal-like deformation goes through the bulk of the crystal. This opens up the possibility for experiments with high-energy particles channeled in a crystalline undulator, a novel compact source of radiation.

High-efficiency beam extraction and collimation using channeling in very short bent crystals.

A silicon crystal was used to channel and extract 70 GeV protons from the U-70 accelerator with an efficiency of 85.3+/-2.8%, as measured for a beam of approximately 10(12) protons directed towards crystals of approximately 2 mm length in spills of approximately 2 s duration. The experimental data follow very well the prediction of Monte Carlo simulations. This demonstration is important in devising a more efficient use of the U-70 accelerator in Protvino and provides crucial support for implementing crystal-assisted slow extraction and collimation in other machines, such as the Tevatron, RHIC, the AGS, the SNS, COSY, and the LHC.

[Prolonged regional intra-arterial therapy in multimodal treatment of patients with severe skeletal trauma]. / Dlitel'naia regionarnaia vnutriarterial'naia terapiia v komplekse lecheniia postradavshikh s tiazheloi skeletnoi travmoi.

A total of 108 victims with open fractures of long tubular bones of different localization are examined. Regional intraarterial therapy was added to their treatment protocols. Stable functional disorders in local hemodynamics in these patients impede the repair processes and can lead to development of infectious complications. Regional intraarterial therapy allows early elimination of hemodynamic disorders, selective antibiotic therapy, and improves the adaptation potential of the immune system.

[Attachment to electric suction pump for automatic regulation of vacuum intensity in the treatment of pleural complications in children]. / Pristavka k électrootsasyvateliu dlia avtomaticheskoi reguliatsii vakuuma v lechenii plevralnykh oslozhnenii u detei.

The authors report on the use of an attachment for automatic regulation of vacuum intensity on a surgical electric sucking pump applied in the treatment of pneumothorax, pyopneumothorax, and pyothorax in children. The suggested attachment causes periodic removal of the exudate and air from the pleural cavity by automatic switching on of the pump and creates favorable conditions for cleansing of the cavity. The attachment of the electric sucking pump is cheap, easy in exploitation, simple in assemblage, and may be used for cleaning the pleural cavity with high precision of the necessary degree of exhaustion.