RESUMEN
Biostimulants and other plant growth promoters can provide an effective solution to the challenge of urbanisation and climate change. Viburnum opulus 'Roseum' is a globally popular deciduous shrub species that can be made more resistant to urban influences by using natural growth-promoting substances. In our study, we investigated the effects of growth promoters Kelpak®, Bistep and Yeald Plus on the species, both histologically and physiologically (proline stress hormone measurement). Our measurements were complemented using the analysis of rhizosphere alkaline phosphatase, ß-glucosidase and ß-glucosaminidase enzymes, to obtain a more complete picture of the combined effect of biostimulants and species. We found that the Bistep biostimulant had an outstanding effect on the leaf tissue culture results of the variety. The transpiration and evapotranspiration findings also confirmed the efficacy of biostimulants. In the case of POD activity and rhizosphere enzyme measurements, Bistep and Yeald Plus obtained statistically higher values than the control group. Kelpak produced better results than the control group in several measurements (alkaline phosphatase levels; evapotranspiration results), but in other cases it resulted in lower values than the control treatment. The use of Bistep and Yeald Plus can greatly assist growers in the cultivation of V. opulus 'Roseum' in an urban environment.
RESUMEN
Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and other living organisms can help with the challenges of modern agriculture. PGPB offer ever-expanding possibilities for science and commerce, and the scientific results have been very advanced in recent years. In our current work, we collected the scientific results of recent years and the opinions of experts on the subject. Opinions and results on soil-plant relations, as well as the importance of PGPB and the latest related experiences, are important topics of our review work, which highlights the scientific results of the last 3-4 years. Overall, it can be concluded from all these observations that the bacteria that promote plant development are becoming more and more important in agriculture almost all over the world, thus, promoting more sustainable and environmentally conscious agricultural production and avoiding the use of artificial fertilizers and chemicals. Since many mechanisms of action, namely biochemical and operational processes, are still under investigation, a new emerging scientific direction is expected in the coming years with regard to PGPB, microbial, and other plant growth-stimulating substances, in which omics and microbial modulation also play a leading role.