RESUMEN
This article outlines the current WHO concepts of the process of rehabilitation with special reference to the consideration and the analysis of the concept of rehabilitation potential, its structure, levels, and functions of each level. The main stages and the aim of the comprehensive medical and psychological rehabilitation of the patients presenting with acute cerebrovascular accidents (ACVA) are discussed. The importance of the recoverable and reusable resources at the biological and psychological levels that may play the role of compensatory functions in the patients suffering from acute cerebral circulation disorders is emphasized. The three main stages of the rehabilitation process for the ACVA patients («diagnostic¼, «therapeutic¼, and «verifying¼) are described. The necessity of the development of the systemic strategy for medical and psychological rehabilitation of the post-stroke patients is substantiated taking into account the criteria for allocating them to the groups of either early or late rehabilitation and the group of patients suffering from the consequences of acute cerebral circulation disorders. It may allow to achieve the optimal level of the patients' well-being, in accordance with the rehabilitation potential currently attainable for the patients undergoing acute cerebrovascular accidents.
Asunto(s)
Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/clasificación , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Accidente Cerebrovascular/psicología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Rehabilitación de Accidente Cerebrovascular/psicologíaRESUMEN
The aim of the study to assess the influence of medicamentous therapy to the quality of life of ischemic heart disease patients with stable angina pectoris by activator potassium channels nicorandil in comparison with traditional therapy by isosorbide dinitrate. The study included 84 ischemic heart disease patients. Authors consider quality of life as an estimated category of state of the subject in an illness situation. The dynamic of physical and psychological components of quality of life are compared in ischemic heart disease patients under the treatment by nicorandil and isosorbide dinitrate. Indicators of quality of life, defined on the basis of a questionnaires of SAQ and GHQ supplementing an illness picture, are an multiple-factor criterion of an assessment of a condition of this category of patients. The benefits of nicorandil in influence on quality of life indicators were revealed in the study.
Asunto(s)
Angina Estable/tratamiento farmacológico , Angina Estable/psicología , Nicorandil/farmacología , Canales de Potasio/agonistas , Calidad de Vida , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nicorandil/uso terapéutico , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
AIM: to compare effects of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-5-mononitrate and nicorandil on frequency of angina attacks and vasoregulating endothelial function in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS. In 117 patients with stable II-III functional class angina we analyzed frequency of angina attacks, exercise tolerance, data of 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring and brachial artery Doppler study. RESULTS. Patients with IHD had impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the form of reduced endothelial response to increase of "shear stress" during test with reactive hyperemia. Long-term therapy with isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-5-mononitrate, and nicorandil was associated with normalization of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery. This effect was more pronounced during therapy with nicorandil.
Asunto(s)
Angina de Pecho/epidemiología , Electrocardiografía , Isquemia Miocárdica/complicaciones , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Angina de Pecho/fisiopatología , Angina de Pecho/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Dinitrato de Isosorbide/análogos & derivados , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatología , Nicorandil , Federación de Rusia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: to compare effects of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-5-mononitrate and nicorandil on frequency of angina attacks and vasoregulating endothelial function in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 117 patients with stable II-III functional class angina we analyzed frequency of angina attacks, exercise tolerance, data of 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring and brachial artery Doppler study. RESULTS: Patients with IHD had impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the form of reduced endothelial response to increase of "shear stress" during test with reactive hyperemia. Long-term therapy with isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-5-mononitrate, and nicorandil was associated with normalization of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery. This effect was more pronounced during therapy with nicorandil.
RESUMEN
Linear transverse magnetoresistance is commonly observed in many material systems including semimetals, narrow band-gap semiconductors, multi-layer graphene and topological insulators. It can originate in an inhomogeneous conductor from distortions in the current paths induced by macroscopic spatial fluctuations in the carrier mobility and it has been explained using a phenomenological semiclassical random resistor network model. However, the link between the linear magnetoresistance and the microscopic nature of the electron dynamics remains unknown. Here we demonstrate how the linear magnetoresistance arises from the stochastic behaviour of the electronic cycloidal trajectories around low-mobility islands in high-mobility inhomogeneous conductors and that this process is only weakly affected by the applied electric field strength. Also, we establish a quantitative link between the island morphology and the strength of linear magnetoresistance of relevance for future applications.
RESUMEN
We report the magneto-transport properties of cellulose films comprising interconnected networks of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Cellulose is a biopolymer that can be made electrically conducting by cellulose regeneration in Au NP dispersions. The mechanism of electronic conduction in the Au-cellulose films changes from variable range hopping to metallic-like conduction with decreasing resistivity. Our experiments in high magnetic fields (up to 45 T) reveal negative magnetoresistance in the highly resistive films. This is attributed to the spin polarization of the Au NPs and the magnetic field induced suppression of electron spin flips during spin-polarized tunneling in the NP network.
Asunto(s)
Celulosa/química , Oro/química , Campos Magnéticos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Movimiento (Física) , Teoría Cuántica , Celulosa/ultraestructura , Electricidad , Nanopartículas del Metal/ultraestructura , TemperaturaRESUMEN
To simultaneously perform magnetization and magnetostriction measurements in high magnetic fields, a miniaturized device was developed that combines an inductive magnetometer with a capacitive dilatometer and, therefore, it is called "dilamagmeter." This combination of magnetic and magnetoelastic investigations is a new step to a complex understanding of solid state properties. The whole system can be mounted in a 12 mm clear bore of any cryostat usually used in nondestructive pulsed high field magnets. The sensitivity of both methods is about 10(-5) A m(2) for magnetization and 10(-5) relative changes in length for striction measurements. Measurements on a GdSi single crystal, which are corrected by the background signal of the experimental setup, agree well with the results of steady field experiments. All test measurements, which are up until now performed in the temperature range of 4-100 K, confirm the perfect usability and high stability in pulsed fields up to 50 T with a pulse duration of 10 ms.
RESUMEN
The complex evaluation of the intensity of lipid peroxidation, endogenous intoxication syndrome, blood microcirculation disorder and surfactant activity of blood serum has been performed in patients with hepatitis of non-viral etiology. The article presents the peculiarities of changes of blood medium-molecular peptides, average corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, albumin/gamma-globulin coefficient in patients with chronic hepatitis of non-viral etiology with different activity degree. These indices were proposed to evaluate endogenous intoxication syndrome. On the basis of the analysis of changes of tension-rheometric indices the method of assessment of chronic hepatitis activity of non-viral etiology has been worked out.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , Hepatitis Alcohólica/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido , Adulto , Anciano , Catalasa/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/citología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Pruebas Hematológicas , Hepatitis Alcohólica/enzimología , Hepatitis Alcohólica/metabolismo , Humanos , Peróxidos Lipídicos/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , SíndromeRESUMEN
Microflora of the vaginal mucosa was investigated bacteriologically in 44 pregnant women at the pregnancy term of 27-28 weeks. It was shown that in half of the women the vaginal microbiocenosis was within the normal and did not depend on urogynecological diseases in the case histories. In the women with impaired microbiocenosis the level of the impairment depended on gynecological diseases in the case histories. In the pregnant women without urogynecological diseases only slightly pronounced changes in the vaginal microbiocenosis were detected. The prophylactic use of eubiotics (bifidumbacterin and lactobacterin) was not efficient. In the women with urogynecological diseases in the case histories the levels of the microbiocenosis impairment were different. The prophylactic use of the eubiotics was efficient when the changes in the vaginal microbiocenosis were slightly pronounced or marked. When the changes were extreme the prophylactic use of the eubiotics failed.
Asunto(s)
Bifidobacterium/efectos de la radiación , Candida/efectos de la radiación , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Lactobacillus/efectos de la radiación , Centrales Eléctricas , Embarazo/fisiología , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Vagina/microbiología , Adulto , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriocinas/uso terapéutico , Bifidobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Enfermedades Urogenitales Femeninas/prevención & control , Humanos , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Mucosa/microbiología , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , UcraniaRESUMEN
The contents of the large intestine were investigated bacteriologically in 44 pregnant women at the pregnancy term of 27-28 weeks living in the areas contaminated with radionuclides at a concentration of 15-40 C/km2. It was found that in 9.6 per cent of the women the intestinal microbiocenosis was within the normal and in 19.1 per cent there was detected marked dysbacteriosis. In the other women compensated or subcompensated intestinal dysbacteriosis was recorded. The state of the large intestine microbiocenosis in the pregnant women did not depend on urogynecological or infectious diseases in the case histories. The prophylactic treatment with eubiotics (bifidumbacterin per rectum and lactobacterin intravaginally) aimed at the correction of the impaired microbiocenosis had a favourable effect which did not depend on urogynecological or infectious diseases in the case histories. After the completion of the prophylaxis course with the eubiotics some indices improved but the percentage of the pregnant women isolating colibacilli with the properties of virulence increased.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/efectos de la radiación , Candida/efectos de la radiación , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Intestino Grueso/microbiología , Centrales Eléctricas , Embarazo/fisiología , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacteriocinas/uso terapéutico , Productos Biológicos/uso terapéutico , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactobacillus , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , UcraniaAsunto(s)
Estreptonigrina/análogos & derivados , Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Humanos , Leucemia Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Estreptonigrina/síntesis química , Estreptonigrina/uso terapéutico , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A method of synthesis of antibiotic streptonigrin 8'-O-alkyl ethers by alkylation of streptonigrin diphenylmethyl ester and consequent deprotection of carboxylic group with CF3COOH is developed. An attempt to deblock carboxylic group of 8'-O-methylstreptonigrin diphenylmethyl ester by hydrogenation over Pd produced 8'-O-methylstreptonigrone. Similarly streptonigrin was transformed into streptonigrone over Pd-black in H2 stream. Methylation of streptonigrone afforded 5',5'-N-dimethyl-2',8'-O-dimethylstreptonigrone and 1',5',5'-tri-N-trimethyl-8'-O-methylstreptonigrone. Alkyl streptonigrin ethers demonstrated lower antibacterial activity in vitro than the parent antibiotic.
Asunto(s)
Estreptonigrina/análogos & derivados , Estreptonigrina/química , Alquilación , Metilación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estreptonigrina/síntesis química , Relación Estructura-ActividadAsunto(s)
Tuberculosis Ganglionar/etiología , Tuberculosis Miliar/etiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicaciones , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Ganglionar/patología , Tuberculosis Miliar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Miliar/patología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/patologíaRESUMEN
Isolation, identification and drug sensitivity assay of microorganisms from pathological materials of 177 patients with nonspecific diseases of the lungs, mainly pneumonia, were performed on blood and selective "chocolate" agars by using Baktofok-MK, a new dry nutrient basis developed by the authors. Blood and "chocolate" agars based on the Hottinger's hydrolysate were used as the control media. It was shown that with the quantitative procedure for inoculating the pathological material, the experimental media based on Baktofok-MK were much more sensitive to growth properties that the control media. That made it possible to detect larger numbers of etiologically important microbial species on the blood agar and to isolate clinical strains of Hemophilus spp. from a larger number of specimens on the "chocolate" agar.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/microbiología , Infecciones por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Neumonía Neumocócica/diagnóstico , Neumonía/diagnóstico , Esputo/microbiología , Agar , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Medios de Cultivo , Infecciones por Haemophilus/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Haemophilus/microbiología , Haemophilus influenzae/efectos de los fármacos , Haemophilus influenzae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Haemophilus influenzae/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía/microbiología , Neumonía Neumocócica/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Neumocócica/microbiología , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Streptococcus pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A mutant strain of the bruneomycin-producing culture which produced up to 10% of the minor component was selected. The component was identified as streptonigrone. It was isolated and its physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity were investigated. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of streptonigrone and bruneomycin were prepared. Their PMR spectra and electron impulse mass spectra were studied. Streptonigrone was shown to have antibacterial and cytotoxic activities which was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of bruneomycin.
Asunto(s)
Estreptonigrina/análisis , Bacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Químicos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Estreptonigrina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Anthracycline antibiotics (daunorubicin, carminomycin and doxorubicin) N-acylated with antibiotic bruneomycin (streptonigrin) have been obtained from the parent compounds upon treatment with N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide. These "chimeric" antibiotics are less active both in vitro and in vivo than the parent antibiotics. This demonstrates the stability of the intermolecular amide linkage in these compounds towards chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis as well as their inability to interact with corresponding receptors in contrast to less hindered derivatives of the parent antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Carubicina/metabolismo , Daunorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Daunorrubicina/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina/metabolismo , Estreptonigrina/metabolismo , Acilación , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Carubicina/farmacología , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Daunorrubicina/farmacología , Diciclohexilcarbodiimida , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , SuccinimidasRESUMEN
Serum creatine-kinase activity was above the upper normal limit in 40-80% of the 632 patients admitted to hospital for angina pectoris and deteriorating essential hypertension. The highest (4-6-fold) increase over the mean control values was associated with myocardial ischemia, paroxysmal tachycardia and hypertensive crises. Intramuscular injections were shown to be unrelated to increased incidence or magnitude of creatine-kinase activation in the examined patients. Creatine-kinase levels were particularly high in cases of cerebral stroke (a 7-fold increase above normal) and alcoholic cardiopathies (a 8-fold increase).