RESUMEN
The gas-phase affinities of different types of anions X- (halogen anions, oxoanions, and hydrogenated anions) toward a model tetralactam-based macrocycle receptor (1), defined in terms of stability of an anion-receptor complex (1 + X-) against its disintegration, were evaluated by dissociation studies using a mass spectrometry-based methodology and supported by theoretical calculations (density functional theory-PBE0). The gas-phase complex with Cl- was found to be tailor-made for the macrocycle 1, while 1 + SA- (SA- = salicylate anion) and 1 + HSO4- were the weakest ones. Other complexes displayed a relatively low-stability dispersion (<1.2 kcal·mol-1). The 1/εr approach of the electrostatic contribution scaling method was used to predict the stability trends in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent from the gas-phase binding energy partition using the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory. High deformation energy and differences in solvation energies were suggested to be the main sources of inconsistency in the predicted and experimental stabilities of 1 + F- and 1 + H2PO4- complexes.
RESUMEN
THE AIM OF THE STUDY: was an evaluating the frequency for adapting different strategies within the group of surgeons to cope up with stress and determining the differentiation on their usage depending on the type of the hospital unit and social-demographic variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The samples were 40 surgeons from hospitals. Following research methods were applied: 1. Latack Coping Scale was used to investigate the strategies of coping with stress; 2. Personal questionnaire was used to obtain general social-demographic data about subjects. RESULTS: The Latack scale is a reliable tool for testing work related stress coping strategies within a group of surgeons. Active strategies are more common than avoiding strategies. Surgeons mostly use Direct action and Positive thinking strategy in coping with stress at work. In turn, Alcohol use strategy is rarely use by subjects to solve difficult professional situations. The lack of significant differences in frequency of usage of particular strategies in correlation with the hospital type was observed. There is positive correlation which is statistically significant between analyzed social-demographic variables and usage of Avoidance/Resignation strategy within examined surgeons. The more experienced, older people are, the more likely it is that they will use this strategy in stressful situations. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons usually use adaptive strategies in coping with stress at work.