Use of electronic devices in leisure time modifies the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior derived exclusively from excessive television viewing among Brazilian adults.

The growing interest in the study of sedentary behavior is justified by its increasing presence in people's daily lives, particularly in leisure time. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior derived exclusively from TV time and from its combination with the time spent using other electronic devices among Brazilian adults (n = 52,443). This cross-sectional study used data from the Vigitel survey (2019), which included subjects ≥ 18 years old who resided in the capitals of the 26 Brazilian states and Federal District. High TV time (≥ 4 h/day), and its combination with computer, tablet, or cell phone use (≥ 4 h/day), as well as sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics were self-reported. Adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The prevalence of high sedentary behavior almost tripled when TV viewing was added to the time spent using other electronic devices (from 12.2%; 95%CI: 11.6; 12.8, to 34.7%; 95%CI: 33.8; 35.6), notably among the youngest (32.0 percentage points). Individuals living without a partner, who smoked, consumed alcohol and processed foods excessively, were physically inactive, and had hypertension were more likely to have both outcomes than their counterparts. Older and less educated individuals were more likely to spend excessive time watching TV and less likely to have high use of other electronic devices in addition to TV viewing than their peers. Including computer, tablet, or cell phone led to an increase in the prevalence of high sedentary behavior. The magnitude and direction of the associations of age and education with high sedentary behavior varied according to the method how high sedentary behavior was defined. Projects, programs, and policies must consider the different indicators of sedentary behavior in monitoring and promoting a healthier lifestyle.

Design and methodology of the SARCopenia trajectories and associations with adverse clinical outcomes in patients on HemoDialysis: the SARC-HD study.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). However, the trajectories across sarcopenia stages, their determinants, and associations with adverse clinical outcomes have yet to be comprehensively examined. METHODS: The SARC-HD is a multicenter, observational prospective cohort study designed to comprehensively investigate sarcopenia in patients on HD. Eligibility criteria include adult patients undergoing HD for ≥ 3 months. The primary objective is to investigate the trajectories of sarcopenia stages and their potential determinants. Secondary objectives include evaluating the association between sarcopenia and adverse clinical outcomes (i.e., falls, hospitalization, and mortality). Sarcopenia risk will be assessed by the SARC-F and SARC-CalF questionnaire. Sarcopenia traits (i.e., low muscle strength, low muscle mass, and low physical performance) will be defined according to the revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and will be assessed at baseline and after 12 follow-up months. Patients will be followed-up at 3 monthly intervals for adverse clinical outcomes during 24 months. DISCUSSION: Collectively, we expect to provide relevant clinical findings for healthcare professionals from nephrology on the association between sarcopenia screening tools (i.e., SARC-F and SARC-CalF) with objective sarcopenia measurements, as well as to investigate predictors of trajectories across sarcopenia stages, and the impact of sarcopenia on adverse clinical outcomes. Hence, our ambition is that the data acquired from SARC-HD study will provide novel and valuable evidence to support an adequate screening and management of sarcopenia in patients on HD.

Cognitive Function of Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review / Função Cognitiva de Pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica em Hemodiálise: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Abstract The objective was to systematically review the relationship between Chronic Kidney Failure and Hemodialysis with cognitive function. This systematic review followed the parameters proposed by PRISMA. The search for articles was carried out in the PubMed database. A total of 113 articles were found, of which 31 were selected for analysis. Analyzing the studies' samples, it was found that 19.3% of them had a control group, that the most used instrument was the Mini-Mental State Examination (41.9%), and that patients of older age and patients with longer hemodialysis treatment had worse cognitive scores. It is concluded that HD can reduce the cognitive function of people with CKF.

Resumo O objetivo foi revisar sistematicamente a relação da Insuficiência Renal Crônica e da Hemodiálise com a função cognitiva. Esta pesquisa de revisão sistemática seguiu os parâmetros propostos pelo PRISMA. A busca dos artigos foi realizada na base de dados PubMed. Foram encontrados 113 artigos, sendo que destes 31 foram selecionados para análise. Analisando a amostra dos estudos verificou-se que 19,3% dos estudos tiveram grupo controle, que o instrumento mais utilizado foi Mini Exame do Estado Mental (41,9%) e que pacientes com idade mais avançada e os pacientes com mais tempo de tratamento hemodialítico tinham piores escores cognitivos. Conclui-se que a HD pode reduzir a função cognitiva de pessoas com IRC.

Comportamento sedentário de idosos nonagenários e centenários / Sedentary behaviour of nonagerian and centenarian elders

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o comportamento sedentário de nonagenários e centenários com e sem patologia, que faziam e não faziam uso de tabaco e ativos e inativos fisicamente. Caracterizou-se como um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal com 41 idosos nonagenários e centenários. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre as características sociodemográficas e a versão curta do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física ­ IPAQ para avaliação do comportamento sedentário e do nível de atividade física.Para análise dos dados,foi utilizado o Teste t de Student independente, considerando significativo p≤0,05. Os resultados apontam que 65,9% dos idosos permaneciam menos de 4 horas sentados e 83% não atingiram 150 minutos de atividade física durante a semana. O maior comportamento sedentário esteve associado com a presença de patologias, uso de tabaco e inatividade física. Estratégias precisam ser pensadas e elaboradas a fim de reduzir o comportamento sedentário e proporcionar um envelhecimento bem-sucedido.(AU)

The aim of this study was to compare the sedentary behavior of nonagenarians and centenarians with and without pathology, who did and did not use tobacco and active and in active physically. It was characterized as a quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 41 nonagenarian and centenary elderlies. A questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ were used to evaluate sedentary behavior and physical activity level, and for data analysis it was using, the independent Student's t test considering significant p≤0,05. The results indicate that 65.9% of the elderly remained less than 4 hours sitting and 83% did not reach 150 minutes of physical activity during the week. Higher sedentary behavior was associated with pathologies, tobacco use and physical inactivity. Strategies need to be thought through and devised in order to reduce sedentary behavior and provide successful aging.(AU)

Caracterização e fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde de idosos nonagenários e centenários / Characterization and factors associated with self perception in nonagenarians and centenarians elderly

O objetivo foi verificar os fatores associados à percepção de saúde de idosos nonagenários e centenários cadastrados em quatro Estratégias de Saúde da Família do município de Santa Rosa (RS). Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal com 41 idosos com 90 anos e mais, de ambos os sexos. Foi aplicado um questionário de características sociodemográficas/socioeconômicas e de saúde e também se avaliaram a capacidade funcional e a autopercepção de saúde. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se estatísticas descritivas e o teste de Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (p ≤ 0,05). Os idosos perceberam sua saúde como boa (51,2%) condição que se associou com a renda (p= 0,015) e a escolaridade (p = 0,038). Os resultados apontaram para uma boa autopercepção de saúde dos idosos pesquisados, além de revelar que os quem possuíam renda e escolaridade mais altas tinham melhor percepção do estado de saúde.

The objective was to verify the factors associated with the health perception of nonagenarian and centenary elderly registered in four Family Health Strategies in the city of Santa Rosa (RS). Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 41 elderly people aged ninety years and over of both genders, registered in four Family Health Strategies in Santa Rosa (RS). A questionnaire on socio-demographic / socioeconomic and health characteristics was applied, in addition to the assessment of functional capacity and self-perceived health. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and the chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test (p ≤ 0.05) were used. The elderly perceived their health as good (51.2%) and was associated with income (p = 0.015) and education (p = 0.038). The results point to a good self-perceived health of the elderly surveyed and that those who had higher income and education had a better perception of their health status.

Estudo Longitudinal EpiFloripa Idoso - Rotinas de organização e protocolos referentes à coleta, análise e armazenamento de material biológico, exames de imagem e capacidade físico-funcional / EpiFloripa Ageing Longitudinal Study - Organizational routines and protocols related to the collection, analysis and storage of biological material, image exams and physical-functional capacity

Resumo Introdução Exames complementares podem contribuir para a compreensão da etiologia de agravos à saúde de idosos. Objetivo Descrever os aspectos operacionais e protocolos referentes à coleta, análise e armazenamento de material biológico, exames de imagem e capacidade físico-funcional. Método Estudo longitudinal, de base populacional, com 604 idosos (≥ 60 anos) do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso, em 2014. Foram coletados dados de material biológico, composição corporal, densitometria óssea, ultrassonografia da espessura íntima média das artérias carótidas, força de preensão manual e a atividade física. Resultados A taxa de resposta foi de 50,4%. Houve perda de seguimento em relação à faixa etária, estado cognitivo e atividades de vida diária. Os indivíduos que realizaram os exames eram mais novos, trabalhavam no momento da entrevista, ingeriam álcool, eram fisicamente ativos. Além de apresentarem menor grau de dependência, ausência de déficit cognitivo, ausência de sintomas depressivos e ausência de dificuldade na mobilidade. Conclusão Espera-se que a descrição das rotinas aplicadas possa auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas semelhantes em grupos de idosos. Assim, poderá ser acompanhado o processo de envelhecimento da população, seus fatores de risco e proteção.

Abstract Background Complementary exams may contribute to the understanding of the etiology of health problems in older adults. Objective To describe the operational aspects and protocols used to collect, analyze and storage biological materials, image exams and physical-functional capacity tests. Method This is a longitudinal and population-based study with 604 older adults (≥ 60 years) from EpiFloripa Ageing Study, in 2014. Data of biological material, body composition, bone densitometry, ultrasonography of the carotid artery intima average thickness, hand grip strength and physical activity were collected. Results The response rate was 50.4%. There was loss of follow-up in relation to age, cognitive status, and activities of daily living. The individuals who performed the tests were younger, worked by the time of the interview, ingested alcohol and were physically active. Also, they were less dependent, absence of cognitive impairment, absence of depressive symptoms and absence of difficulty in mobility. Conclusion It is expected that the description of the applied routines may help in the development of new similar research in the older adult population. Thus, the aging process of the population, its risk and protection factors can be followed.

Association between use of internet and the cognitive function in older adults, populational longitudinal study EpiFloripa Idoso. / Associação entre o uso de internet e a função cognitiva de idosos, estudo longitudinal populacional Epifloripa Idoso.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between the internet and the gain or loss cognite along of four years in older adults. METHODS: Longitudinal study, a population-based, with older adults residents in a capital of southern Brazil (≥ 60 years) surveyed in 2009-10 (baseline) and in 2013-14 (follow-up). The outcome was assessed by clinically significant gain or loss of four or more points in the score of the Mini Mental State Examination between the two interviews. The use of internet was measured longitudinally (maintained or not internet usage, stop use of internet, started using the internet, retained the use of internet). Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated adjusted for sex, age, household income, education level and cognitive screening at baseline. RESULTS: Respondents were 1.705 older adults in 2009-10 and 1.197 in 2013-14. There was a significant association between keep using internet and cognitive performance, with greater chance of cognitive gain (OR= 3.3; 95%CI 1.1 - 9.8) and lower cognitive impairment (OR = 0.39; 95%CI 0.17 - 0.88) for older adults who kept using the internet. CONCLUSION: Older adults who continue using the internet were more likely to gain significant cognitive and lower cognitive loss. Topromote the internet use in older adults can help a strategy for cognitive stimulation in older adults.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a associação entre o uso de internet e o ganho/perda cognitivo ao longo de quatro anos em idosos. MÉTODO: Estudo longitudinal, de base populacional, com idosos residentes em uma capital do sul do Brasil (≥ 60 anos), entrevistados em 2009-2010 (baseline) e em 2013-2014 (seguimento). O desfecho foi avaliado pelo ganho/perda clinicamente significativo de quatro pontos ou mais no escore do mini exame do estado mental (MEEM) entre as duas entrevistas. O uso de internetfoi avaliado de forma longitudinal (manteve o não uso de internet; deixou de usar; passou a usar; manteve o uso). Foram estimadas razões de chances (OR) ajustadas por sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade e rastreamento de déficit cognitivo no baseline. RESULTADOS: Entrevistaram-se 1.705 idosos em 2009-2010 e 1.197 em 2013-2014. Houve associação significativa entre manter-se usando internet e o desempenho cognitivo, com chance maior de ganho cognitivo (OR = 3,3; IC95% 1,1 - 9,8) e menor de perda cognitiva (OR = 0,39; IC95% 0,17 - 0,88) para os idosos que se mantiveram usando a internet. CONCLUSÃO: Idosos que se mantiveram utilizando a internet tiveram chance significativamente maior de apresentar ganho cognitivo e menor de apresentar declínio cognitivo. Promover o uso da internet em idosos pode ser uma estratégia para estimular a função cognitiva nessa população.

Programa intergeracional de estimulação cognitiva: Benefícios relatados por idosos e monitores participantes / Intergenerational cognitive stimulation program: Benefits reported by elderly and monitors participating

Resumo Investigaram-se os benefícios percebidos pelos idosos e monitores participantes do programa intergeracional de manutenção, estimulação e/ou reabilitação cognitiva, mediado pelo uso de computadores e prática de atividades físicas "Oficina da Lembrança". Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, com dez idosos e seis monitores participantes da Oficina da Lembrança. Aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada, interpretada pela análise de conteúdo. Os idosos relataram: aprendizagem do uso de computadores, melhora da memória, sociabilização, ter atividade de lazer, emagrecimento, melhora da qualidade de vida, saúde e sociabilização. Monitores: contato com idosos, melhora da relação com pessoas/pacientes, preparação para situações diversas e conhecimentos sobre idosos. Conclui-se que a Oficina da Lembrança pode proporcionar vários benefícios para seus praticantes e para seus monitores, principalmente a intergeracionalidade.

Abstract We investigated the benefits perceived by older people and monitors participants of the intergenerational program intergenerational of maintenance, stimulation/rehabilitation cognitive, mediated by the use of computers and physical activity "Oficina da Lembrança". We performed a descriptive qualitative research with ten elderly and six monitors participants of Oficina da Lembrança. We applied semi-structured interviews, which were interpreted by content analysis. The elderly related: learning the use of computers, improved memory, socialization, having leisure activity, weight loss, improved quality of life, health and socialization. Monitors: contact with elderly, improvement of the relationship with people and patients, preparation for different situations and acquiring more knowledge about the elderly. In conclusion, Oficina da Lembrança can provide several benefits to its practitioners and monitors, especially the intergenerationality.

Associação entre o uso de internet e a função cognitiva de idosos, estudo longitudinal populacional Epifloripa Idoso / Association between use of internet and the cognitive function in older adults, populational longitudinal study EpiFloripa Idoso

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a associação entre o uso de internet e o ganho/perda cognitivo ao longo de quatro anos em idosos. Método: Estudo longitudinal, de base populacional, com idosos residentes em uma capital do sul do Brasil (≥ 60 anos), entrevistados em 2009-2010 (baseline) e em 2013-2014 (seguimento). O desfecho foi avaliado pelo ganho/perda clinicamente significativo de quatro pontos ou mais no escore do mini exame do estado mental (MEEM) entre as duas entrevistas. O uso de internetfoi avaliado de forma longitudinal (manteve o não uso de internet; deixou de usar; passou a usar; manteve o uso). Foram estimadas razões de chances (OR) ajustadas por sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade e rastreamento de déficit cognitivo no baseline. Resultados: Entrevistaram-se 1.705 idosos em 2009-2010 e 1.197 em 2013-2014. Houve associação significativa entre manter-se usando internet e o desempenho cognitivo, com chance maior de ganho cognitivo (OR = 3,3; IC95% 1,1 - 9,8) e menor de perda cognitiva (OR = 0,39; IC95% 0,17 - 0,88) para os idosos que se mantiveram usando a internet. Conclusão: Idosos que se mantiveram utilizando a internet tiveram chance significativamente maior de apresentar ganho cognitivo e menor de apresentar declínio cognitivo. Promover o uso da internet em idosos pode ser uma estratégia para estimular a função cognitiva nessa população.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the association between the internet and the gain or loss cognite along of four years in older adults. Methods: Longitudinal study, a population-based, with older adults residents in a capital of southern Brazil (≥ 60 years) surveyed in 2009-10 (baseline) and in 2013-14 (follow-up). The outcome was assessed by clinically significant gain or loss of four or more points in the score of the Mini Mental State Examination between the two interviews. The use of internet was measured longitudinally (maintained or not internet usage, stop use of internet, started using the internet, retained the use of internet). Odds Ratios (OR) were estimated adjusted for sex, age, household income, education level and cognitive screening at baseline. Results: Respondents were 1.705 older adults in 2009-10 and 1.197 in 2013-14. There was a significant association between keep using internet and cognitive performance, with greater chance of cognitive gain (OR= 3.3; 95%CI 1.1 - 9.8) and lower cognitive impairment (OR = 0.39; 95%CI 0.17 - 0.88) for older adults who kept using the internet. Conclusion: Older adults who continue using the internet were more likely to gain significant cognitive and lower cognitive loss. Topromote the internet use in older adults can help a strategy for cognitive stimulation in older adults.

Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors associated with positive self-perceived health of long-lived elderly residents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. / Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de saúde associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva de idosos longevos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina.

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with positive self-perceived health of long-lived elderly (80+) individuals. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and included 239 elderly participants from the EpiFloripa Ageing Project. We used collection instruments to verify sociodemographic and economic data, self-reported health status, falls, and lifestyle. Then, we identified factors associated with positive self-perceived health using a Poisson regression adjusted for sex. We found that a positive self-reported health status was more prevalent among the long-lived elderly who were not depressed (PR = 0.49), and among those who consumed alcohol (PR = 1.99). Understanding which variables may interfere in the self-perceived health of the long-lived elderly can result in better health options for this population, mainly, new methods to prevent depression. Additionally, this information can help reduce costs associated with hospitalizations, medications and health treatments, all of which are very common among the long-lived elderly.

Factors associated with maintenance of the use of internet, EpiFloripa Idoso longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of the internet and to identify the sociodemographic and health factors associated with changes in the use of the internet over four years in older adults participating in the Brazilian EpiFloripa Idoso study. METHODS: This is a longitudinal home-based, population-based study with 1,197 older adults who live in the urban area of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We applied a face-to-face interview. We describe the use of internet according to frequency, place, devices, and motives of the use of the internet. To identify factors associated with changes in the use of the internet, we categorized the outcome as: non-use of the internet, stopped using the internet, started using the internet, and kept using the internet. The independent variables were sex, age, family income, education level, family arrangement, marital status, presence of caregiver, paid work, and cognitive impairment screening. We used multinomial logistic regression with risk ratio (RR) estimates and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of the use of internet increased from 22.9% in 2009-2010 to 26.6% in 2013-2014. Of the total number of older adults who participated in the study, 7.5% started using the internet, 3.2% stopped using it, 19.1% kept their use, and 70.2% kept their non-use in the analyzed period. Of the older adults who used the internet, most used it every day or almost every day of the week, in their own home, on desktop or portable computers, mainly to send and receive messages, to search for information to learn or investigate something, to find information about goods and services, and to use news, social networking, and health information websites. The factors associated with the use of internet over four years were: being male (RR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.48-3.26), higher monthly family income (RR = 3.53, 95%CI 1.35-9.23), higher education level (RR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.57-4.43), and no presence of caregiver (RR = 0.08, 95%CI 0.02-0.31). CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of the internet is increasing among older adults, most of the population is still digitally excluded, especially women with lower income and education level. Strategies that promote the digital inclusion of older adults should be stimulated, aiming to universalize the use of the internet, and they should take into account socioeconomic and gender inequalities.

Association between internet use and physically active leisure time: "EpiFloripa Idoso" longitudinal study / Associação entre uso de internet e manter-se ativo no lazer, estudo longitudinal EpiFloripa Idoso

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the association between internet use and physically active leisure time during four years in older adults included in the "EpiFloripa Idoso" study, a population and longitudinal study with older adults (60+) residents in Florianópolis, Brazil, interviewed in 2009-10 (baseline) and 2013-14 (follow-up). The outcome was self-reported level of leisure physical activity, measured by the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, classified as remaining inactive; becoming inactive; becoming active; remaining active. Covariates were: gender; age (in years); per capita income in Reais; schooling (years of study); internet use longitudinally measured (remaining not using, stopping using, starting using, remaining using); and cognitive decline at baseline assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination. Relative risk ratio (RRR) adjusted by independent variables were estimated. Participants were 1,705 older adults at baseline and 1,197 at follow-up. The prevalence of remaining physically active during leisure time was 15.8% (95% CI 12.6 to 19.0) and was associated with being male (RRR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.50 to 3.05), less schooling (RRR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.99 to 0.99), starting using (RRR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.06 to 8.55) and remaining using the internet (RRR = 5.52,95% CI 3.25 to 9.36). This study can contribute to public policies for active and healthy aging through stimulation of internet use, since this technological behavior can help increasing the level of leisure physical activity in this population.

Resumo Objetivou-se verificar a associação entre mudanças no uso de internet e na prática de atividade física no lazer ao longo de quatro anos em idosos do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso. Estudo populacional longitudinal, com idosos residentes em Florianópolis/Brasil, entrevistados em 2009-10 (baseline) e em 2013-14 (seguimento). O desfecho foi o nível de atividade física no lazer autorreferido, mensurado pelo Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física versão longa, avaliado de forma longitudinal (manteve-se inativo; passou a ser inativo; passou a ser ativo; manteve-se ativo). Outras variaveis foram: sexo; idade (em anos completos); renda familiar per capita em Reais; escolaridade (em anos de estudo); uso de internet avaliado longitudinalmente (manteve o não uso; deixou de usar; passou a usar; manteve o uso); e o declinio cognitivo no baseline avaliado pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Foram estimados razão de riscos relativos (RRR) ajustados pelas variáveis independentes, por regressão logística multinomial. Foram entrevistados 1.705 idosos no baseline e 1.197 no seguimento. A prevalência de manter-se ativo fisicamente no lazer (no seguimento) foi de 15,8% (IC95%=12,6-19,0) e associou-se ao sexo masculino (RRR=2,14; IC95%=1,50-3,05), menor escolaridade (RRR=0,99; IC95%=0,99-0,99), a passar a usar (RRR=4,1; IC95%=2,06-8,55) e a manter-se usando internet (RRR=5,52; IC95%=3,25-9,36). Os resultados deste estudo podem ter grande impacto nas políticas de envelhecimento ativo e saudável pois mostram que além de estimular a prática regular de atividades físicas de lazer deve-se estimular também o uso de internet, pois este comportamento tecnológico pode auxiliar no incremento do nível de atividade física de lazer de idosos.

Fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de saúde associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva de idosos longevos residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina / Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health factors associated with positive self-perceived health of long-lived elderly residents in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva de idosos longevos (80+). Estudo transversal conduzido no município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, com 239 idosos participantes do EpiFloripa Idoso. Foram aplicados instrumentos de coleta para verificar dados sociodemográficos e econômicos, autorrelato do estado de saúde, quedas e estilo de vida. Para identificar os fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde positiva, utilizou-se regressão de Poisson ajustada por sexo. A autopercepção de saúde positiva foi mais prevalente nos idosos longevos sem a presença de depressão (RP = 0,49) e que faziam consumo de álcool (RP = 1,99). Compreender quais variáveis podem interferir na autopercepção de saúde de idosos longevos auxilia em melhores ações de saúde para essa população, principalmente para evitar depressão, além de reduzir custos com internações, medicamentos e tratamentos de saúde, muito frequentes em idosos longevos.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with positive self-perceived health of long-lived elderly (80+) individuals. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and included 239 elderly participants from the EpiFloripa Ageing Project. We used collection instruments to verify sociodemographic and economic data, self-reported health status, falls, and lifestyle. Then, we identified factors associated with positive self-perceived health using a Poisson regression adjusted for sex. We found that a positive self-reported health status was more prevalent among the long-lived elderly who were not depressed (PR = 0.49), and among those who consumed alcohol (PR = 1.99). Understanding which variables may interfere in the self-perceived health of the long-lived elderly can result in better health options for this population, mainly, new methods to prevent depression. Additionally, this information can help reduce costs associated with hospitalizations, medications and health treatments, all of which are very common among the long-lived elderly.

Factors associated with maintenance of the use of internet, EpiFloripa Idoso longitudinal study / Fatores associados à manutenção do uso da internet, estudo longitudinal EpiFloripa Idoso

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the use of the internet and to identify the sociodemographic and health factors associated with changes in the use of the internet over four years in older adults participating in the Brazilian EpiFloripa Idoso study. METHODS This is a longitudinal home-based, population-based study with 1,197 older adults who live in the urban area of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We applied a face-to-face interview. We describe the use of internet according to frequency, place, devices, and motives of the use of the internet. To identify factors associated with changes in the use of the internet, we categorized the outcome as: non-use of the internet, stopped using the internet, started using the internet, and kept using the internet. The independent variables were sex, age, family income, education level, family arrangement, marital status, presence of caregiver, paid work, and cognitive impairment screening. We used multinomial logistic regression with risk ratio (RR) estimates and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The prevalence of the use of internet increased from 22.9% in 2009-2010 to 26.6% in 2013-2014. Of the total number of older adults who participated in the study, 7.5% started using the internet, 3.2% stopped using it, 19.1% kept their use, and 70.2% kept their non-use in the analyzed period. Of the older adults who used the internet, most used it every day or almost every day of the week, in their own home, on desktop or portable computers, mainly to send and receive messages, to search for information to learn or investigate something, to find information about goods and services, and to use news, social networking, and health information websites. The factors associated with the use of internet over four years were: being male (RR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.48-3.26), higher monthly family income (RR = 3.53, 95%CI 1.35-9.23), higher education level (RR = 2.64, 95%CI 1.57-4.43), and no presence of caregiver (RR = 0.08, 95%CI 0.02-0.31). CONCLUSIONS Although the use of the internet is increasing among older adults, most of the population is still digitally excluded, especially women with lower income and education level. Strategies that promote the digital inclusion of older adults should be stimulated, aiming to universalize the use of the internet, and they should take into account socioeconomic and gender inequalities.

RESUMO OBJETIVO : Descrever o uso de internet e identificar os fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde associados a mudanças no uso de internet ao longo de quatro anos em idosos participantes do estudo EpiFloripa Idoso. MÉTODOS : Estudo longitudinal de base populacional e domiciliar com 1.197 idosos residentes na área urbana de Florianópolis, SC. Aplicou-se entrevista face a face. A descrição do uso de internet foi realizada segundo a frequêcia, o local, os aparelhos e os motivos de uso da internet. Para identificar os fatores associados a mudanças no uso de internet, o desfecho foi categorizado em: manteve o não uso de internet; passou a não usar internet; passou a usar internet; e manteve o uso de internet. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, arranjo familiar, status conjugal, presença de cuidador, trabalho remunerado e rastreamento de déficit cognitivo. Utilizou-se regressão multinomial logística com estimativas de razão risco relativo (RRR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS : A prevalência de uso de internet aumentou de 22,9% em 2009-2010 para 26,6% em 2013-2014. Do total de idosos participantes do estudo, 7,5% passaram a usar internet, 3,2% deixaram de usar, 19,1% mantiveram o uso e 70,2% mantiveram o não uso no período analisado. Dos idosos que usavam internet, a maioria usava todos os dias ou quase todos os dias da semana, em sua própria casa, em computadores de mesa ou portáteis, com o principal objetivo de enviar e receber mensagens, buscar informações para aprender ou investigar alguma coisa, encontrar informações sobre bens e serviços e usar sites de notícias, de redes sociais e de informações sobre saúde. Os fatores associados à manutenção, ao longo de quatro anos, do uso da internet foram: ser do sexo masculino (RRR = 2,19; IC95% 1,48-3,26), ter maior renda salarial mensal familiar (RRR = 3,53; IC95% 1,35-9,23), ter maior escolaridade (RRR = 2,64; IC95% 1,57-4,43) e não ter cuidador (RRR = 0,08; IC95% 0,02-0,31). CONCLUSÕES : Apesar de o uso da internet estar aumentando entre os idosos, a maior parte dessa população ainda é digitalmente excluída, especialmente as mulheres de menor renda e escolaridade. Estratégias que promovam a inclusão digital de idosos devem ser estimuladas visando à universalização do uso de internet e devem levar em consideração as desigualdades socioeconômicas e de gênero.

Association between sitting time and major diseases in Brazilian octogenarians / Associação entre tempo sentado e as principais doenças em octogenários Brasileiros

The aim of this study was to associate sitting time with major diseases affecting octogenarians. This observational crosssectional study involved 351 octogenarians, being 323 women and 28 men, with a mean age of 84.1 (SD = 3.9). Sociodemographic data,health conditions and responses to Section 5 of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were entered into a diagnostic program in order to determine the weekly time spent sitting down. Descriptive (single frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney U test and binary logistic regression) were used. The data were examined at a 5% significance level. The most frequent diseases in the octogenarians were high blood pressure (60.1%), heart diseases (26.5%), diabetes (21.9%), dyslipidemia (21.7%), osteoporosis (18.5%), and osteoarthritis (14.5%). The longer they spent sitting down, the greater the risk of developing diabetes (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 2.5 to 8.2) and dyslipidemia (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 5.0). A sitting time of more than 1,710 minutes per week can predict the occurrence of diabetes (p = 0.002), while sitting for more than 1,380 minutes per week can predict the occurrence of dyslipidemia (p = 0.002). Sitting time was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of diabetes and dyslipidemia in the studied octogenarians. Chronic diseases were associated with sedentary behavior.

O objetivo deste estudo foi associar o tempo sentado com as principais doenças que afetam as pessoas octogenárias. Este estudo observacional e transversal foi composto de 351 pessoas octogenárias, 323 mulheres e 28 homens. Associou-se dados sociodemográficos, condições de saúde e o domínio 5 do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) para determinar o tempo despendido por semana na posição sentada. Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas (frequência única, percentagens, média e desvio padrão) e estatística inferencial (teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão logística binária). Os dados foram examinados em um nível de significância de 5%. As doenças mais frequentes nas pessoas octogenárias foram hipertensão arterial (60,1%), doenças do coração (26,5%), diabetes (21,9%), dislipidemia (21,7%), osteoporose (18,5%) e osteoartrite (14,5%). Quanto maior o tempo gasto na posição sentada, maior as chances de desenvolver diabetes (OR = 4,5, IC 95% 2,5-8,2) e dislipidemia (OR = 2,9, IC 95% 1,6-5,0). O tempo sentado maior que 1710 minutos por semana pode predizer a ocorrência de diabetes (p = 0,002), sentar-se por mais de 1380 minutos por semana pode predizer a ocorrência de dislipidemia (p = 0,002). Verificou-se que o tempo sentado é um fator de risco para a ocorrência de diabetes e dislipidemia nos octogenários. As doenças crônicas mostraram associação com o comportamento sedentário.

EpiFloripa Aging cohort study: methods, operational aspects, and follow-up strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sample plan, operational aspects, and strategies used in the 2009/2010 and 2013/2014 EpiFloripa Aging Study. METHODS: The EpiFloripa Aging is a population-based longitudinal study with 1,705 older adults (60 years or more) living in the municipality of Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in 2009/2010 (baseline). The research was conducted with a face-to-face interviews, organized into blocks of identification, socioeconomic, mental health, health and life habits, global functionality, falls, physical activity, morbidities, use of health services, use of medications, food, oral health, and violence, evaluated in the first (2009/2010) and in the second wave (2013/2014). Additionally, in the second wave, we investigated the issue of discrimination and quality of life. RESULTS: The response rate of the first wave was 89.2% (n = 1,705). The baseline sample, with predominance of women (63.9%), was similar to the 2010 Census regarding age for women and slightly different for younger men. In the second wave, 1,197 participants were interviewed (response rate of 70.3%). Follow-up losses were only observed for the variable age group (p = 0.003), and predominantly for those aged 80 years or more. Mortality data linkage and active search for participants were used as a follow-up strategies. CONCLUSIONS: This study used strategies that were able to help locate the participants and maintain adherence, which ensured a good response rate during investigations.

Percepção de pacientes em hemodiálise sobre os benefícios e as modificações no comportamento sedentário após a participação em um programa de exercícios físicos / Perception of patients in hemodialysis about the benefits and changes in sedentary behavior after participation in program of physical exercise / Percepción de los pacientes en hemodiálisis sobre los beneficios y cambios en el comportamiento sedentario después de participar en un programa de ejercicio físico

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a percepção de pacientes em hemodiálise (HD) participantes de um programa de exercícios físicos quanto à rotina clínica, à mudança no comportamento sedentário e aos benefícios da intervenção. Dezoito pacientes foram inseridos no programa de exercícios físicos, feito durante as sessões de HD (três vezes por semana), por 17 semanas. Foi usada entrevista semiestruturada, transcrita e avaliada pela análise de conteúdo. Os pacientes relataram aumento da força, disposição e capacidade cardiopulmonar, diminuição das câimbras e melhoria do sono. Após o programa de exercícios físicos, muitos pacientes evidenciaram benefícios físicos e psicológicos, além de modificar alguns hábitos que caracterizavam o comportamento sedentário.

Abstract The objective this study was to investigate the perception of patients in hemodialysis (HD) who participating in program of physical exercise, as clinical routine, change in sedentary behavior and the benefits the intervention. Eighteen patients inserted in program of physical exercise, performed during HD sessions (3 times/week) for 17 weeks. Was used semi-structured interview, transcribed and analyzed by content analysis. The patients reported increasing strength, disposition and provision of cardiopulmonary capacity, decreasing cramps and improve sleep. After the program of physical exercise many patients showed physical and psychological benefits, beyond of modify some habits that characterized sedentary behavior.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la percepción de los pacientes en hemodiálisis (HD) que participaron en un programa de ejercicio físico, como rutina clínica, el cambio en el comportamiento sedentario y los beneficios de la intervención. Se incluyó a 18 pacientes en el programa de ejercicios, feitos durante las sesiones de HD (3 veces/semana) durante 17 semanas. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, transcrita y analizada por análisis de contenido. Los pacientes comunicaron mayor fuerza, voluntad y capacidad cardiopulmonar y disminución de los calambres, y mejora del sueño. Después del programa de ejercicio, muchos pacientes mostraron beneficios físicos y psicológicos, así como la modificación de algunos hábitos que caracterizan el comportamiento sedentario.

Condições de vida e saúde de idosos: resultados do estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso / Condiciones vida y salud de adultos mayores: resultados del estudio de cohortes EpiFloripa Idoso / Life and health conditions among elderly: results of the EpiFloripa Idoso cohort study

OBJETIVO: identificar as mudanças sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde ocorridas ao longo do tempo nos participantes do estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso. MÉTODOS: estudo longitudinal de base populacional com idosos de Florianópolis-SC, Brasil. RESULTADOS: entrevistou-se 1.702 idosos em 2009-2010 e 1.197 em 2013-2014 (proporções de resposta: 89,1% e 70,2%, respectivamente); após aproximadamente 4 anos, a maioria manteve-se com companheiro (53,4%), morando acompanhado (76,0%), sem trabalhar (78,0%), com percepção positiva de saúde (44,0%), sem usar internet (67,5%), sem fumar (57,5%), sem consumir bebida alcoólica (53,3%), insuficientemente ativo (56,3%), consumindo <5 porções diárias de frutas/hortaliças (57,3%), sem dependência (60,5%), com excesso de peso (47,0%) e rastreamento negativo para deficit cognitivo (69,4%), sem sintomas depressivos (72,0%) e sem sofrer quedas (60,6%). CONCLUSÕES: a maioria dos idosos não apresentou mudanças importantes em suas características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde; ressalta-se a necessidade de repensar ações mais efetivas para a melhoria da saúde dos idosos.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los cambios en el comportamiento, la demografía y las condiciones de salud en un seguimiento de los participantes de la encuesta de salud, EpiFloripa Idoso. MÉTODOS: Estudio poblacional longitudinal con adultos mayores de Florianópolis-SC, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Fueron entrevistados 1.702 ancianos en 2009-2010 y 1.197 en 2013-2014 (tasas de respuesta: 89,1% y 70,2%, respectivamente); entre los acompañados, la mayoría, se mantuvo con una pareja (54,4%), viviendo juntos (76,0%), sin trabajar (78,6%), mostraron una percepción positivo de salud (45,0%), sin utilizar Internet (67,3%), sin fumar (57,2%), sin consumir alcohol (52,6%), insuficientemente activos (55,9%), comiendo <5 porciones de frutas/verduras (49,0%), sin dependencia (60,8%), sobrepeso (46,0%), detección negativa para el deterioro cognitivo (68,8%), síntomas depresivos (76,9%) y sin sufrir caídas (60,6%). CONCLUSIONES: la mayoría de las personas mayores no mostraron cambios significativos en sus características analizadas; se hace hincapié en la necesidad de replantear la acción más efectiva para mejorar la salud de los adultos mayores.

OBJECTIVE: to identify sociodemographic, behavioral and health changes in a follow-up of participants in the health survey EpiFloripa Idoso. METHODS: this is a population-based longitudinal study with elderly individuals in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil. RESULTS: 1,702 elderly individuals were interviewed in 2009-2010 and 1,197 in 2013-2014 (response rate: 89.1% and 70.2%, respectively); among followed-up individuals, most of them remained with a partner (53.4%), living with other people (76.0%), not working (78.0%), with positive health perception (44.0%), not using the Internet (67.5%), not smoking (57.5%), not consuming alcohol (53.3%), not physically active (56.3%), consuming <5 servings of fruits/vegetables (57.3%), independent (60.5%), overweight (47.0%), with negative screening for cognitive impairment (69.4%), with no depressive symptoms (72.0%) and not having suffered falls (60.6%). CONCLUSION: most elderly did not show significant changes in their sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics; the need to rethink more effective actions to improve the elderly health stands out.

Life and health conditions among elderly: results of the EpiFloripa Idoso cohort study. / Condições de vida e saúde de idosos: resultados do estudo de coorte EpiFloripa Idoso.

OBJECTIVE: to identify sociodemographic, behavioral and health changes in a follow-up of participants in the health survey EpiFloripa Idoso. METHODS: this is a population-based longitudinal study with elderly individuals in Florianópolis-SC, Brazil. RESULTS: 1,702 elderly individuals were interviewed in 2009-2010 and 1,197 in 2013-2014 (response rate: 89.1% and 70.2%, respectively); among followed-up individuals, most of them remained with a partner (53.4%), living with other people (76.0%), not working (78.0%), with positive health perception (44.0%), not using the Internet (67.5%), not smoking (57.5%), not consuming alcohol (53.3%), not physically active (56.3%), consuming <5 servings of fruits/vegetables (57.3%), independent (60.5%), overweight (47.0%), with negative screening for cognitive impairment (69.4%), with no depressive symptoms (72.0%) and not having suffered falls (60.6%). CONCLUSION: most elderly did not show significant changes in their sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics; the need to rethink more effective actions to improve the elderly health stands out.